Colonel Azali Assoumani seized power in a bloodless coup in April 1999, overthrowing Interim President Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, who himself had held the office since the death of democratically elected President Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim in November, 1998.

The first President to take office was President Mohamed Naguib.

The fourth president was Mohamed Hosni Mubarak, the President of Egypt since October 14, 1981, following the assassination of former President Mohammed Anwar El-Sadat.

* 2012 – President Mohamed Nasheed of the Republic of Maldives resigns, after 23 days of anti-governmental protests calling for the release of Chief Judge unlawfully arrested by the military.

Former Vice President, Deputy Prime Minister, and Attorney General Mohamed Shahabuddeen served a 9-year term on the International Court of Justice ( 1987 – 96 ).

Mohamed Nasheed won the 2008 Presidential election, resulting in Gayoom having to step down as President.

Mohammed Waheed Hassan Manik was sworn in as President of the Maldives on 7 February 2012, in connection to the resignation of President Nasheed amidst weeks of protests and demonstrations led by local police dissidents who opposed Nasheed ’ s 16 January order for the military to arrest Abdulla Mohamed, the Chief Justice of the Criminal Court.

The current President of the Maldives is former Senior Member of UNICEF, Mohammed Waheed Hassan, who was sworn into office on 7 February 2012 when his predecessor, Mohamed Nasheed resigned following weeks of protests led by police.

Incumbent President Maaouya Ould Sid ' Ahmed Taya won reelection with 67. 02 % of the popular vote, according to the official figures, with ex-head-of-state Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla finishing second.

General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, a career soldier and high-ranking officer, was a leading figure in the 2005 Mauritanian coup d ' état that deposed President Maaouya Ould Sid ' Ahmed Taya.

Lieutenant General Mohamed Ali Samatar, then Vice President, subsequently served as de facto head of state for the next several months.

After extensive deliberations attended by regional actors and international observers, the conference ended in a signed agreement between TFG President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Speaker of Parliament Sharif Adan Sharif Hassan, Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamed Farole, Galmudug President Mohamed Ahmed Alim and Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama ' a representative Khalif Abdulkadir Noor stipulating that: a ) a new 225 member bicameral parliament would be formed, consisting of an upper house seating 54 Senators as well as a lower house ; b ) 30 % of the National Constituent Assembly ( NCA ) is earmarked for women ; c ) the President is to be appointed via a constitutional election ; and d ) the Prime Minister is selected by the President and he / she then names his / her Cabinet.

Colonel Mohamed Bacar ( born May 5, 1962 in Barakani, Anjouan, then a French colony ) was President of Anjouan, one of the three autonomous islands that make up the Union of the Comoros, from 2001 to 2008.

Comoran President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi said that if the French objected to extraditing Bacar to Comoros, where the death penalty is allowed, then it could send him to the International Criminal Court in The Hague for trial.

Media reports agree that the supporters of President Azali were heavily defeated, winning no seats in Anjouan or Mwali, and only six of nine seats in Azali's home base of Ngazidja.

However, national authority over the islands was confirmed following the refusal of the President of Anjouan to hold free elections in 2008, and he was forced to flee by military intervention by troops of the Comorian Union and the African Union.

He was part of a military coup on Anjouan in August 2001 and soon became President.

Two days later, Comorian President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi, with the support of the African Union ( AU ), appointed M. Dhoihirou Halidi as interim President of Anjouan.

He was inaugurated for a second term as the President of Anjouan on 14 June.

But in the confused atmosphere of frontier politics, alliances were as quickly broken as they were formed, and as Pike came to favor with the governor of the Territory, the governor fell out of favor with the President of the United States.

On August 20, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt established the Alexander Archipelago Forest Reserve, which formed the heart of the Tongass National Forest that covers most of the region.

In its temporary dispositions, the document ordered the transition from the former military government, with Augusto Pinochet as President of the Republic, and the Legislative Power of the Military Junta ( formed by the heads of the navy, air force, National Police, and a representative of the army, the head of the Army being president of the republic ), to a civil one, with a time frame of eight years, during which the Legislative Power would still be the Military Junta.

The Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community ( the predecessor of the present day European Parliament ) first met on 10 September 1952 and the first Christian Democratic group was unofficially formed the next day, with Maan Sassen as President.

The Honorable Tosiwo Nakayama, the former President of the Congress of Micronesia, became the first President of the FSM and formed his Cabinet.

A new government was formed under opposition leader Roza Otunbayeva, while Bakiyev remained for several days in southern Kyrgyzstan, before fleeing to Belarus, where he was given asylum by President Lukashenko.

An Interim Government of National Unity ( IGNU ) was formed in Gambia under the auspices of ECOWAS in October 1990 and Dr. Amos Sawyer became President.

Hastily formed under President Nasser's leadership ( but on the initiative of Syrian leaders who feared a takeover by communists or " reactionaries " and hoped to lead the new entity ), the UAR was a unitary state, not a federal union, with its critics seeing this as hardly more than a small country being annexed by a larger one.

A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa and other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as President and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister ( later to become President from 1967 – 1969 ).

In 2000, Abdiqasim Salad Hassan was selected as the President of the nation's new Transitional National Government ( TNG ), an interim administration formed to guide Somalia to its third permanent republican government.

After extensive deliberations attended by regional actors and international observers, the conference ended in a signed agreement between TFG President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Speaker of Parliament Sharif Adan Sharif Hassan, Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamed Farole, Galmudug President Mohamed Ahmed Alim and Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama ' a representative Khalif Abdulkadir Noor stipulating that: a ) a new 225 member bicameral parliament would be formed, consisting of an upper house seating 54 Senators as well as a lower house ; b ) 30 % of the National Constituent Assembly ( NCA ) is earmarked for women ; c ) the President is to be appointed via a constitutional election ; and d ) the Prime Minister is selected by the President and he / she then names his / her Cabinet.

* 1946 – The Interim Government of India is formed with Jawaharlal Nehru as Vice President with the powers of a Prime Minister.

The Conference elected a 42-member National Council, a 13-member Central Committee and 7 office-bearers: are in the Central Committee, of whom the seven office-bearers are: Bharat Bhushan Pandey ( Chhatisgarh ), President, Amrish Patel ( Gujarat ), Vice-President, Sivaraman ( Kerala ), Vice-President, Sanjay Singhvi ( Maharashtra ), General Secretary, T. C.

If the Dominican Republic achieves free, democratic government, it will be due in large part to the U.S. show of force that enabled President Balaguer to prevent a threatened restoration of Trujillo dictatorship.

The senior policy officer may be moved to think hard about a problem by any of an infinite variety of stimuli: an idea in his own head, the suggestions of a colleague, a question from the Secretary or the President, a proposal by another department, a communication from a foreign government or an American ambassador abroad, the filing of an item for the agenda of the United Nations or of any other of dozens of international bodies, a news item read at the breakfast table, a question to the President or the Secretary at a news conference, a speech by a Senator or Congressman, an article in a periodical, a resolution from a national organization, a request for assistance from some private American interests abroad, et cetera, ad infinitum.

The President said he will also propose increasing, by an unspecified amount, the 540 million dollars in the 1961-62 budget for direct government research in medicine.

Noting that President Kennedy has handed the Defense Department the major responsibility for the nation's civil defense program, Mr. Hawksley said the federal government would pay half the salary of a full-time local director.

After a White House huddle between the President and top lieutenants, the Defense Department reacted sharply to a cry from the pro-Western government of Laos that several battalions of Communist troops had invaded Laos from North Viet Nam.

Since the adoption of a new constitution, early in 2010, the politics of Angola takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Angola is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Legislative power is vested in the President, the government and parliament.

The executive branch of the government was composed of the President, the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.

In practice, power was more and more concentrated in the hands of the President who, supported by an ever increasing staff, largely controlled parliament, government, and the judiciary.

Politics of Armenia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the head of government, and of a platform multi-party system.

In, the President of the United States directed that the Secretary of the Interior should take care for the administration of civil government in American Samoa.

Thomas C. Fletcher of Missouri, had written, " This is a country for white men, and by God, as long as I am President, it shall be a government for white men.

* 1949 – U. S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act Amendment, streamlining the defense agencies of the United States government, and replacing the Department of War with the United States Department of Defense.

In 1998, a constitutional reform, led by the government of the President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, introduced regulatory agencies as a part of the executive branch.

Politics of Botswana takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Botswana is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Botswana's cabinet is headed by the President, who is also head of government.

The politics of Brazil take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

* Revolution of 1930: Second military overthrow of government, in which President Washington Luís was replaced by Getúlio Vargas, who became the Provisional President.

Finally in 1992, President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, then candidate to the Presidency, declared that in its plan of government the quarrel for creation of the Ministry of Defense was foreseen.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, also known as Itamaraty, is the government department responsible for advising the President and conducting Brazil's foreign relations with other countries and international bodies.

The Politics of Burkina Faso takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Burkina Faso is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Lamizana's government faced problems with the country's traditionally powerful trade unions and on November 25, 1980, Colonel Saye Zerbo overthrew President Lamizana in a bloodless coup.

Politics of Burundi takes place in a framework of a transitional presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Burundi is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.