Previous prizewinners include Thomas Alva Edison, for his investigations in electric lighting ; Enrico Fermi, for his studies of radiation theory and nuclear energy ; and Charles H. Townes, for his development of the laser.

Previous investigations have shown that peoples ' behavior is strongly influenced by their confidence in their ability to perform that behavior ( Bandura, Adams, Hardy, & Howells, 1980 ).

Previous to the war, the city's civilian population was about 300, 000, but before it was over, most of the populace had sought refuge elsewhere in Iran.

Previous game consoles sometimes had a difficult time replicating the arcade experience in home versions of popular arcade games.

Previous prophets had used " Israel " to mean the northern kingdom and its tribes ; when Ezekiel speaks of Israel he is addressing the deported remnant of Judah.

Previous political resistance to privatization had stalled liberalization efforts.

Previous Holy Roman Emperors had thought it their right, granted by God, to name the Pope, as well as other Church officials, such as bishops.

Previous to this relationship, Hall had not lived publicly in a lesbian relationship.

Previous editions had been divided into verses, however, the early versifications generally followed the paragraph structure of the original text.

Previous to the 1960 change, the ' Improved Lunar Ephemeris ' had already been made available in terms of ephemeris time for the years 1952-1959 ( computed by W J Eckert from Brown's theory with modifications recommended by Clemence ( 1948 )).

Previous split-cycle engines have had two major problems-poor breathing ( volumetric efficiency ) and low thermal efficiency.

Previous U. S. administrations had offered to divide the region along the 49th parallel, which was not acceptable to Britain, as they had commercial interests along the Columbia River.

Previous charts had differed on the location.

Previous deputies had addressed the king on their bent knees, whereas the representatives of the Catholics had been permitted to stand.

Previous successions had involved strife between various rígdomna-men of royal blood.

Previous apologies had been offered by State and Territory governments in the period 1997 – 2001.

Previous organizations such as the Mattachine Society, the Daughters of Bilitis, and various homophile groups had masked their purpose by deliberately choosing obscure names.

Previous motorcycle production at Sachsenring had been under the aegis of AWZ ( Auto-Werke Zwickau ).

Previous fantasy miniature wargames had been written, but this was the first one published.

( Previous halfpennies had been pennies cut in half )

Previous to this posting, he had been the military commander in Dalmatia.

Previous telegraph lines were overland or shorter, hence had less delay and the need for extra inductance was not so great.

Previous films about T. E. Lawrence had been planned but had not been made.

Previous wars had seen France lose most of its colonial empire.

Previous estimates of the length of the month were in error by 114 seconds ( Meton, 432 BC ) and 22 seconds ( Callippus, 330 BC ).

Previous to the construction of the Kinleith mill and the current Kinleith Branch line, a private bush tramway operated by the Taupo Totara Timber Company, used to operate along the route of the present line along its length between Putaruru and the company's mill at Mokai, near Taupo.

Previous Prada exclusives and openers who have gone on to success in the fashion world include unknown models and actors who work for cheap or for free including the still unknown Daria Werbowy, Gemma Ward, Suvi Koponen and Sasha Pivovarova, who went on to appear in Prada's ad campaigns for six consecutive seasons after opening the Prada fall 2005 runway show.

Previous attempts have included Piece Of My Heart, which was to star Renée Zellweger or Brittany Murphy ; The Gospel According To Janis, with director Penelope Spheeris and starring either Zooey Deschanel or P! nk ; and an untitled film thought to be an adaptation of Laura Joplin's Off-Broadway play about her sister, with the show's star, Laura Theodore, attached.

Previous to LeVar Burton being cast as Geordi La Forge, Tim Russ was a serious contender for the role and was almost picked.

It was reported that one of the aims of the programme was to prepare São Toméan troops for international peacekeeping missions. Previous phases of reform saw the armed forces downsized considerably in the early 1990s in line with a reduction in regional threat assessment.

Previous theory held that dietary deficiency is extremely rare unless the intestine ( small bowel ) was heavily damaged, resulting in malabsorption of the molecule.

Previous to this the record was held in West Virginia, USA, by New Zealander Chris Allum, who bungee jumped 823 ft ( 251m ) from the New River Gorge Bridge on " Bridge Day " 1992 to set a world ’ s record for the longest bungee jump from a fixed structure.

Previous logic had dealt with the logical constants and, or, if ... then ..., not, and some and all, but iterations of these operations, especially " some " and " all ", were little understood: even the distinction between a pair of sentences like " every boy loves some girl " and " some girl is loved by every boy " was able to be represented only very artificially, whereas Frege's formalism had no difficulty expressing the different readings of " every boy loves some girl who loves some boy who loves some girl " and similar sentences, in complete parallel with his treatment of, say, " every boy is foolish ".

He was responsible for the " Galaxy Song " from The Meaning of Life and " Eric the Half-a-Bee ", a whimsical tune that first appeared on the Previous Record album.

In later life, Heath's peculiar accent – with its " strangulated " vowel sounds, combined with his non-Standard pronunciation of " l " as " w " and " out " as " eout " – was satirised by the Monty Python's Flying Circus in the audio sketch " Teach Yourself Heath " ( originally recorded for their 1972 LP Monty Python's Previous Record but not released at the time ).

Previous definitions of " pseudohermaphroditism " relied on perceived inconsistencies between the internal and external organs ; the " true " sex of an individual was determined by the internal organs, and the external organs determined the " perceived " sex of an individual.

Previous to Solon's reforms, the Athenian state was administered by nine archons appointed or elected annually by the Areopagus on the basis of noble birth and wealth.

Previous to this, Thor and his companions had met the giant, who was under the assumed name Skrýmir, in the forest outside the castle.

Previous Visigothic kings had officially ruled only as legates of the Roman Emperor but Euric was the first to declare his complete independence from the puppet emperors.

Previous commissioners include Republicans Mary Walker, who was forced to resign after using millions of public dollars to benefit her family business ; Scott Croswell, the owner of Croswell Bus Company ; and Archie Wilson, who resigned after illegal drug use and relations with a prostitute in northern Kentucky.

Previous to this the nearest post office was Emporia.

" Previous questioning had established that the mystery guest's last name was synonymous with an automobile brand, Kovacs asked, " This may seem like a long shot, sir, but by any chance are you Abraham Lincoln?

Previous to Taylor's bridge, in 1864, Harry Rickets built and operated a ferry at this location and so this area of crossing at the Snake River was already known as Eagle Rock to those that did business or that traveled on the Montana Trail.

Previous to its incorporation it was " the Second Parish of Lancaster ," and was commonly called by a portion of its Indian name, Chocksett.