Prior to his appointment as Duke, Otto had been a long-time opponent of Henry II's expanding influence in Swabia.

Prior to the 2008-09 season opener, the Blackhawks named Toews, at 20 years and 79 days, as the new captain, succeeding the traded Lapointe and making him the third-youngest captain at the time of appointment.

Prior to his court appointment, Michael was originally a money-changer, but it was believed that he was also secretly a forger of false coins.

Prior to that appointment, Foley was President Emeritus of Pontifical Council for Social Communications and Titular Archbishop of Neapolis in Proconsulari.

Prior to her appointment, she was Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Office of Public Engagement.

Prior to Slatkin's appointment, Peter Oundjian was the DSO's Artistic Advisor, and continues to hold the title of Principal Guest Conductor.

Prior to his appointment, the economy was run by Hermann Göring.

Prior to his appointment to Ethiopia by John F. Kennedy, Korry was European editor for Look magazine and a United Press correspondent in post-World War II Europe.

Prior to his appointment to Sydney University in 2004, he taught for over 28 years at the University of New South Wales.

Prior vacancies in the office had been filled by the incumbent assistant chief, and Arnold's appointment to succeed Westover seemed automatic since he was well-qualified.

Prior to Eisenhower's appointment as Supreme Commander all planning for Overlord fell to the Chief of Staff to the Supreme Commander Allied Forces ( COSSAC ), Frederick E. Morgan.

Prior to granting access to information, an individual who has been cleared must sign a Security Screening Certificate and Briefing Form ( TBS / SCT 330-47 ), indicating their willingness to be bound by several Acts of Parliament during and after their appointment finishes.

Prior to his appointment, Euphemius was a presbyter of Constantinople, administrator of a hospital for the poor at Neapolis, unsuspected of any Eutychian leanings, and is described as learned and very virtuous.

Prior to his appointment as LSU's eighth chancellor, Dr. Martin had established a distinguished career in higher education, serving most recently as president of New Mexico State University.

Prior to this appointment Horinko was Assistant Administrator for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response ( OSWER ) at EPA, having been confirmed by the U. S. Senate on October 1, 2001.

The administrative structure designed by Philip II of Spain was blurring, first with the appointment of a Governor by Carlos III — detrimental to the powers of the Lord Mayor and El Escorial's Prior — and, subsequently, with the privatization of land.

Prior to her appointment as Governor-General, she presided over a 1988 inquiry into issues related to cervical cancer and its treatment at Auckland's National Women's Hospital, known as the Cartwright Inquiry.

Prior to his appointment, Everton Chairman Bill Kenwright contacted Moyes and invited him to his home in London to discuss the available position at Everton.

Prior to her appointment as Lieutenant Governor, Weston spent over two decades working in business and in the fashion industry.

Prior to assuming the role of governor upon the appointment of Tommy Thompson as Secretary of Health and Human Services, McCallum served as a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and as the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin.

Prior to his appointment as Deputy Secretary, he served as the second administrator of the Transportation Security Administration from 2002 to 2003, and before that as the Commandant of the Coast Guard from 1998 to 2002.

Prior to this appointment, he served as the United States Deputy Secretary of State and as the first ever Director of National Intelligence.

Prior to his appointment as Prime Minister, he served as the deputy prime minister for industry, energy, transport, and communications from 2001 to 2003.

Prior to his appointment, he had served for over a decade in the upper echelons of APHIS as:

Prior to his appointment as Chancellor, he had served in a number of other positions, including as Prime Minister of Bavaria ( 1866 – 1870 ), German Ambassador to Paris ( 1873 – 1880 ), Foreign Secretary ( 1880 ) and Imperial Lieutenant of Alsace-Lorraine ( 1885 – 1894 ).

Prior to more general use of such technology these wheelchair users could only use specialist paratransit mobility buses.

Prior to the publication of Keynes ' General Theory, mainstream economic thought was that the economy existed in a state of general equilibrium, meaning that the economy naturally consumes whatever it produces because the needs of consumers are always greater than the capacity of the economy to satisfy those needs.

Prior to Keynes, a situation in which aggregate demand for goods and services did not meet supply was referred to by classical economists as a general glut, although there was disagreement among them as to whether a general glut was possible.

Prior to this period there was a general perception that the climate of Washington State was too cold to produce red wine varietals.

Despite this very general definition, in the Prior Analytics, Aristotle limits himself to categorical syllogisms, which consist of three categorical propositions.

Prior to the 1960s and 70s, hospital emergency departments were generally staffed by physicians on staff at the hospital on a rotating basis, among them general surgeons, internists, psychiatrists, and dermatologists.

Prior to Fourier's work, no solution to the heat equation was known in the general case, although particular solutions were known if the heat source behaved in a simple way, in particular, if the heat source was a sine or cosine wave.

Prior to 1840, meteorological observations in Canada were made by private individuals, other entities ( like HBC ), and explorers, but this information was not provided to the general public.

Prior to the 2000 general elections, the PRI held its first primaries to elect the party's presidential candidate.

Prior to the 2006 general election, the county was a dry county, prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages.

Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Chesterfield Township had been in state legislative district 30. Based on the results of the 2010 Census, the New Jersey Redistricting Commission has shifted Chesterfield into the, a change that will take effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.

Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Fieldsboro had been in state legislative district 30. Based on the results of the 2010 Census, the New Jersey Redistricting Commission has shifted Fieldsboro into the, a change that will take effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.

Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Oceanport Boro had been in state legislative district 12. Based on the results of the 2010 Census, the New Jersey Redistricting Commission has shifted Oceanport into the, a change that will take effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.

Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Shrewsbury Boro had been in state legislative district 12. Based on the results of the 2010 Census, the New Jersey Redistricting Commission has shifted Shrewsbury into the, a change that will take effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.

Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Bloomingdale Boro had been in state legislative district 26. Based on the results of the 2010 Census, the New Jersey Redistricting Commission has placed Bloomingdale entirely within the 11th Congressional District, a change that will take effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.

Prior to the Civil War they were joined by the Roe, Leonard and Stansfield families, who helped establish St. Mary's Episcopal Church and leading businesses like a general store and the Leonard Wax Company.

Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Bridgewater Township had been in state legislative district 16. Based on the results of the 2010 Census, the New Jersey Redistricting Commission has shifted boundaries so that Bridgewater will no longer be split between districts and will be entirely within the 7th district, a change that will take effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.

Prior to 1928, the Labour Party and Trades Union Congress shared offices on Eccleston Square, and it was here in 1926 that the general strike was organised.

Prior to the adoption of the rules by the United States House of Representatives, the House operates under general parliamentary rules and Jefferson's Manual but these are not binding on the current House until they are approved by the membership of the current Congress.

Prior to the July 1956 general elections in the Gold Coast, a plebiscite was conducted under United Nations ( UN ) auspices to decide the future disposition of British Togoland and French Togoland.

Prior to 2002, the Polish rank of generał brygady was equivalent to both the ranks of major general and brigadier general.

Prior to the January 2008 general election, the positions were held by Sir Fred Gollop and Dame Patricia Symmonds.

Prior to defecting, Jackson had indicated he would not stand in the forthcoming general election, following Iain Duncan-Smith's election as Conservative Leader, and he duly stepped down in April 2005.