Pujol had the distinction of being one of the few people – if there were any others – during World War II to receive decorations from both sides, gaining both an Iron Cross from the Germans and an MBE from the British.

Pujol created an identity as a fanatically pro-Nazi Spanish government official who could travel to London on official business ; he also had created for himself a fake Spanish diplomatic passport via fooling a printer into thinking Pujol worked for the Spanish embassy in Lisbon.

The British had become aware that someone had been feeding the Germans misinformation, and realised the value of this after the German navy wasted resources attempting to hunt down a non-existent convoy reported to them by Pujol.

Pujol had been supposedly communicating with the Germans via a courier, a KLM pilot willing to carry messages for cash.

The Nazis never realised they had been fooled, and thus Pujol earned the distinction of being one of the few – if there were any others – during World War II to receive decorations from both sides.

The June Days Uprising broke out at once, during 24 — 26 June, when the eastern industrial quarter of Paris, led by < span lang =" fr "> Pujol </ span >, fought the western quarter, led by < span lang =" fr "> Cavaignac </ span >, who had been appointed dictator.

After having served more than 15 years ruling the autonomous community of Catalonia led by Jordi Pujol, CiU had become eroded while the Party of Catalan Socialists ( Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC ), a sister-party of Spain's main social democrat party ( Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE ), began to enjoy electoral popularity also in the Catalan elections context.

He moved to Europe in 1973 to study with Emilio Pujol, a great pedagogue in the highest Spanish artistic tradition, and also Eugen Dombois, whose sense of organic unity between performer, instrument and historical period has had a lasting effect on him.

Prior to his death, Pujol had begun work on the largest of vihuela music books, the Orphenica Lyra by Miguel Fuenllana, published in 1554.

This was Operation Overlord, and Pujol played a leading role in the deception and misinformation campaign Operation Fortitude, sending over 500 radio messages between January 1944 and D-Day, at times more than twenty messages per day.

Joan Pujol Garcia, known by the British code name Garbo and the German code name Arabel, was a double agent loyal to the Allies who played a crucial role in the deception by supplying Germany with detailed information from a network of non-existent sub-agents supporting the idea that the main invasion was to be in the Pas-de-Calais.

* Operation Garbo: The Personal Story of the Most Successful Double Agent of World War II, co-written by Juan Pujol and Nigel West, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1985

During the last decades of the Franco regime and his 23 years as President of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Jordi Pujol pertained to the majority establishment in Catalan nationalism, which, instead of seeking a fully independent republic, intended to work towards a federalized Spain that would, according to Pujol, recognize Catalonia " as a country, as a collective with its own personality and differences ," and a " guarantee that her own identity be respected ".

The Allies finally accepted Pujol when the Germans spent considerable resources attempting to hunt down a fictional convoy.

Together, Harris and Pujol wrote 315 letters, averaging 2, 000 words, addressed to a post office box in Lisbon supplied by the Germans.

In January 1944, the Germans told Pujol that they believed a large-scale invasion of Europe was imminent and asked to be kept informed.

Joan Pujol Garcia, a British double agent ( code named Garbo ) in high standing with the Germans, transmitted information about the Allied invasion plan with a further warning that the Normandy invasion was a diversion.

This was how Juan Pujol Garcia, alias Garbo, was discovered in Lisbon, where he was sending the Germans such information as " Glasgow dockers would do anything for a litre of red wine " and was subsequently employed by the British.

The Spaniard Juan Pujol Garcia, better known as Codename Garbo, passed on misinformation to the Germans, hoping it would hasten the end of the Franco regime-he was recruited by Britain as a double agent while in Lisbon.

In the following decade Pujol tried to ' refine ' and make his acts ' gentler '; one of his favourite numbers became a rhyme about a farm which he himself composed, and which he punctuated with the usual anal renditions of the animals ' sounds.

Michele Pujol points to five specific historical assumptions about woman that arose, became embedded in the formulation of economics, and continue to be used to maintain that women are different from the masculinized norms and exclude them.

He also studied the vihuela with Pujol and researched about the guitar ’ s history and literature.

The false information Pujol supplied helped persuade German intelligence that the main attack would be in the Pas de Calais, keeping two armoured divisions and 19 infantry divisions there for two months after the Normandy invasion.

After the end of WWII Pujol feared reprisals from surviving Nazis.

By the end of the 1870s, Tárrega was teaching the guitar ( Emilio Pujol and Miguel Llobet as well as Daniel Fortea ( 1878 – 1953 ) were pupils of his ) and giving regular concerts.

Pujol and his handler Tomás ( Tommy ) Harris spent the rest of the war expanding the fictional network, communicating at first by letter, later by radio.

As, Pujol was, on 29 July 1944, awarded the Iron Cross Second Class for his services to the German war effort.

However, with the conservative People's Party waging a political war against the Catalan Statute of Autonomy and opposing recognition for the language in the east of Aragon, Pujol has stated that, at least since before the Spanish transition to democracy, " there is more aggression towards Catalonia than ever ", and that Catalans can " no longer hope for anything from the Spanish state ".

Joan Pujol Garcia ( Catalan ; ), MBE ( 14 February 1912 – 10 October 1988 ) deliberately became a double agent during World War II, known by the British codename and the German codename.

Pujol and his wife contacted the British and American intelligence agencies, but each rejected his offer.

Although the information would not have withstood close examination, Pujol soon established himself as a trustworthy agent.

The family was moved to Britain and Pujol was given the code name.

Pujol was born in the Catalan city of Barcelona, Spain on 14 February 1912 ( or possibly 28 February 1912 ) to Juan Pujol, a Catalan who owned a factory that produced dye, and Mercedes Guijarro Garcia, from the Andalusian town of Motril in the Province of Granada.

The third of four children, Pujol was sent at age seven to the Valldemia boarding school run by the Marist Brothers in Mataró, twenty miles from Barcelona and remained there for the next four years.

Pujol engaged in a variety of occupations prior to and after the Spanish Civil War, such as studying animal husbandry at the Royal Poultry School in Arenys de Mar and managing various businesses, including a cinema.

His father died a few months after the Second Republic's birth in 1931, while Pujol was completing his education as a poultry farmer.

In 1931, Pujol did his six months of compulsory military service in a cavalry unit, the 7th Regiment of Light Artillery.

Pujol was managing a poultry farm north of Barcelona in 1936 when the Spanish Civil War began.

In 1940, during the early days of World War II, Pujol decided that he must make a contribution " for the good of humanity " ( and to oppose the Franco regime ) by helping Britain – which, with its Empire, was Germany's only adversary at the time.

He initially approached the British three different times, including through his wife ( though Pujol edited her participation out of his memoirs ), but they showed no interest in employing him as a spy.

But after he passed an MI5 security check conducted by two MI5 officers ( Cyril Mills and Tomás Harris ) and an MI6 officer ( Desmond Bristow ), Mills ( who Pujol only ever knew as Mr Grey ) suggested that his code name be changed to, after Greta Garbo.

Pujol operated as a double agent under the XX Committee's aegis.