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Punctuated equilibrium originated as a logical extension of Ernst Mayr's concept of genetic revolutions by allopatric and especially peripatric speciation as applied to the fossil record.
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Punctuated and equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium, bottom, consists of Morphology ( biology ) | morphological stability and rare bursts of evolutionary change
Punctuated equilibrium ( also called punctuated equilibria form ) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that most species will exhibit little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history, remaining in an extended state called stasis.
Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against the theory of phyletic gradualism, which states that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages ( called anagenesis ).
Punctuated equilibrium differs from Mayr's hypothesis mainly in that Eldredge and Gould placed considerably greater emphasis on stasis, whereas Mayr was generally concerned with explaining the morphological discontinuity ( or " sudden jumps ") found in the fossil record.
Punctuated equilibrium has also been cited as contributing to the theory that species are Darwinian individuals, and not just classes, thereby providing a stronger framework for a hierarchical theory of evolution.
Punctuated equilibrium is often portrayed to oppose the concept of gradualism, when it is actually a form of gradualism.
Punctuated equilibrium in social theory is a method of understanding change in complex social systems, particularly how policy change and the development of conflicts seem to progress in extended periods of stasis, punctuated by sudden shifts in radical change.
( 1992 ) " Punctuated equilibrium in fact and theory.
nl: Punctuated equilibrium ( biologie )
Punctuated equilibrium, bottom, consists of Morphology ( biology ) | morphological stability and rare, relatively rapid bursts of evolutionary change.
* Punctuated equilibrium ( occasional periods of sudden change in evolution )
* Punctuated equilibrium was coined in 1972 in the category of evolution, or speciation, etc., but could obviously be applied to other " topics ".
Punctuated equilibrium is different from gradualism.
# REDIRECT Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium is a refinement to evolutionary theory.
* Punctuated equilibrium
# REDIRECT Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium, bottom, consists of Morphology ( biology ) | morphological stability and rare bursts of evolutionary change
* Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated and Ernst
* Speciational Evolution or Punctuated Equilibria-by Ernst Mayr
Punctuated and by
Gaster also appears on the album Punctuated Equilibrium by Scott " Wino " Weinrich, released via Southern Lord Records in 2009.
His play Punctuated Equilibrium received a staged reading by the Hangar Theatre Lab in Ithaca, NY in July 2010.
Punctuated and .
( 1982 ) " Punctuated Equilibrium — A Different Way of Seeing.
* Punctuated Equilibrium at Twenty-by Donald R. Prothero
One style of pottery first found in Carrabelle is named Carrabelle Punctuated.
Her poem Signal at Red, written 1964, is addressed to her correspondent, John Cairns, and alludes to Ian Hamilton Finlay, with whom she had put on plays at the Falcon Theatre in 1962, hers being Punctuated Rhythms.
" Punctuated Culture Change in the San Francisco Bay Area.
equilibrium and originated
The idea of traffic equilibrium originated as early as 1924, with Frank Knight.
The fluctuation theorem ( FT ), which originated from statistical mechanics, deals with the relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium ( i. e., maximum entropy ) will increase or decrease over a given amount of time.
Catastrophe theory, which originated with the work of the French mathematician René Thom in the 1960s, and became very popular due to the efforts of Christopher Zeeman in the 1970s, considers the special case where the long-run stable equilibrium can be identified with the minimum of a smooth, well-defined potential function ( Lyapunov function ).
equilibrium and logical
From the equilibrium sorption data which are available, it seems logical to expect that polyphosphate ions would be strongly sorbed on the surface of the dirt ( especially clay soils ) so as to give it a greatly increased negative charge.
To a logical purist of Wittgenstein and Sraffa class, the Marshallian partial equilibrium box of constant cost is even more empty than the box of increasing cost.
The Diamond-Dybvig model provides an example of an economic game with more than one Nash equilibrium, where it is logical for individual depositors to engage in a bank run once they suspect one might start, even though that run will cause the bank to collapse.
equilibrium and extension
” the extension of the medical aid organisations ’ exclusive rights to the non-emergency transport sector does indeed enable them to discharge their general-interest task of providing emergency transport in conditions of economic equilibrium.
An anharmonic oscillator ( in contrast to a simple harmonic oscillator ) is one in which the potential energy is not quadratic in the extension q ( the generalized position which measures the deviation of the system from equilibrium ).
chain extension of D-xylose in equilibrium with its hemiacetal with KCN to the cyclic ester
equilibrium and concept
This is interesting for it combines both the thermodynamic concept of a minimum Gibbs function for equilibrium and minimum mechanical potential energy for equilibrium.
The concept of chemical equilibrium was developed after Berthollet ( 1803 ) found that some chemical reactions are reversible.
Ilya Prigogine summarized the concept of affinity, saying, " All chemical reactions drive the system to a state of equilibrium in which the affinities of the reactions vanish.
The Nash equilibrium is the traditional solution concept in game theory.
In a general equilibrium context, a good is a specific concept entangling geographical and time-related characteristics ( grapes sold during October 2009 in Moscow is a different good from grapes sold during October 2009 in New York ).
* Balance of nature ( biological fallacy ): A discredited concept of natural equilibrium in predator: prey dynamics.
The static equilibrium of a particle is an important concept in statics.
In game theory, the Nash equilibrium ( named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it ) is a solution concept of a game involving two or more players, in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by changing only his own strategy unilaterally.
Game theorists use the Nash equilibrium concept to analyze the outcome of the strategic interaction of several decision makers.
A version of the Nash equilibrium concept was first used by Antoine Augustin Cournot in his theory of oligopoly ( 1838 ).
Since the development of the Nash equilibrium concept, game theorists have discovered that it makes misleading predictions ( or fails to make a unique prediction ) in certain circumstances.
Therefore they have proposed many related solution concepts ( also called ' refinements ' of Nash equilibrium ) designed to overcome perceived flaws in the Nash concept.
Other extensions of the Nash equilibrium concept have addressed what happens if a game is repeated, or what happens if a game is played in the absence of perfect information.
However, subsequent refinements and extensions of the Nash equilibrium concept share the main insight on which Nash's concept rests: all equilibrium concepts analyze what choices will be made when each player takes into account the decision-making of others.
In population biology, carrying capacity is defined as the environment's maximal load, which is different from the concept of population equilibrium.
During 1980-90 game theory took center stage with emphasis on strategic decision-making and Nash equilibrium concept.
Furthermore, the concept of rational expectations had become subject to much doubt when it became clear that the main assumption of models based on it was that there exists a single ( unique ) equilibrium in the economy that is set ahead of time, determined independently of demand conditions.
This concept of " electrochemical potential " is needed in situations where different parts of a larger system are each separately in ( approximate ) local thermodynamic equilibrium, but are not in electrical equilibrium with each other.
2.724 seconds.