Using a telescope, Rømer observed the motions of Jupiter and one of its moons, Io.

Over a period of several months, Jean Picard and Rømer observed about 140 eclipses of Jupiter's moon Io, while in Paris Giovanni Domenico Cassini observed the same eclipses.

Rømer added his own observations to Cassini's and observed that times between eclipses ( particularly those of Io ) got shorter as Earth approached Jupiter, and longer as Earth moved farther away.

Assume the Earth is in L, at the second quadrature with Jupiter ( i. e. ALB is 90 °), and Io emerges from D. After several orbits of Io, at 42. 5 hours per orbit, the Earth is in K. Rømer reasoned that if light is not propagated instantaneously, the additional time it takes to reach K, that he reckoned about 3½ minutes, would explain the observed delay.

Christen Pedersen had taken to using the name Rømer, which means that he was from the Danish island of Rømø, to distinguish himself from a couple of other people named Christen Pedersen.

Rømer compared the duration of Io's orbits as Earth moved towards Jupiter ( F to G ) and as Earth moved away from Jupiter ( L to K ).

The symbol for degrees Rankine is ° R ( or ° Ra if necessary to distinguish it from the Rømer and Réaumur scales ).

Without this postulate it would be impossible to infer the speed of light from astronomical observations, as Ole Rømer did based on observations of the moons of Jupiter.

# In Touch-Starting from an attempt for cheaper fusion power using superconductivity, which was discovered by Onnes, with liquid gas provided by Louis-Paul Cailletet, who carried out experiments on a tower built by Gustave Eiffel, who also built the Statue of Liberty with its famous poem by the Jewish activist Emma Lazarus, helped by Oliphant, whose boss Elgin was the son of the man who stole the Elgin Marbles and sold them with the help of royal painter Thomas Lawrence, whose colleague Dr. Hunter had an assistant whose wife's lodger was Benjamin Franklin, who charted the Gulf Stream with a thermometer Fahrenheit borrowed from Ole Rømer, whose friend Picard surveyed Versailles and provided the water for the fountains and the royal gardens and all the trees that inspired Duhamel to write the book on gardening that was read by the architect William Chambers, who hired the Scottish stonemason Thomas Telford, whose idea for London Bridge was turned down by Thomas Young, whose light waves travel in ether, as do Hertz's electricity waves, with which Helmholtz prods a frog to disprove the vitalists, whose leader, Klages, analyzes handwriting so individual zip codes have to be capital letters to get your mail to a jungle village to keep you " In Touch ".

Without this postulate it would not be possible to infer the speed of light from astronomical observations, as Rømer did based on observations of the moons of Jupiter.

* Danish astronomer Ole Rømer measures the speed of light by observing the eclipses of Jupiter's moons, obtaining a speed of 140, 000 miles per second ( approximately 25 % too slow ).

The effect of the finite speed of light on observations of celestial objects was first recognised by Ole Rømer in 1675, during a series of observations of eclipses of the moons of Jupiter.

The Danish and German geographical mile ( geografisk mil and geographische Meile or geographische Landmeile, respectively ) is 4 minutes of arc, and was defined as approximately 7421. 5 metres by the astronomer Ole Rømer of Denmark.

An early experiment to measure the speed of light was conducted by Ole Rømer, a Danish physicist, in 1676.

There are few sources on Ole Rømer until his immatriculation in 1662 at the University of Copenhagen, at which his mentor was Rasmus Bartholin who published his discovery of the double refraction of a light ray by Iceland spar ( calcite ) in 1668, while Rømer was living in his home.

Rømer was employed by the French government: Louis XIV made him tutor for the Dauphin, and he also took part in the construction of the magnificent fountains at Versailles.

Oddly, Cassini seems to have abandoned this reasoning, which Rømer adopted and set about buttressing in an irrefutable manner, using a selected number of observations performed by Picard and himself between 1671 and 1677.

Rømer presented his results to the French Academy of Sciences, and it was summarised soon after by an anonymous reporter in a short paper,, published 7 December 1676 in the Journal des sçavans.

The Rundetårn ( round tower ) was used in the 17th century as an observatory by Ole Rømer.

Although the king had been persuaded by Ole Rømer to introduce the Gregorian calendar in Denmark-Norway in 1700, the astronomer's observations and calculations were among the treasures lost to the fire.

The brilliant contributions to atomic physics of Niels Bohr ( 1885 – 1962 ), the contributions to linguistics by Otto Jespersen ( 1860 – 1943 ), Ludwig A. Colding's ( 1815 – 1888 ) neglected articulation of the principle of conservation of energy, the pioneering work in anatomy and geology by Nicolas Steno ( 1638 – 1686 ), and the astronomical discoveries of Tycho Brahe ( 1546 – 1601 ) and Ole Rømer ( 1644-1710 ) indicate the range of Danish scientific achievement.

Ordinary cycloids were studied by Galileo Galilei and Marin Mersenne as early as 1599 but cycloidal curves were first conceived by Ole Rømer in 1674 while studying the best form for gear teeth.

* the Ole Rømer Medal, awarded by the president of the University of Copenhagen, 2001 ;

The development of today's thermometers and temperature scales began in the early 18th century, when Gabriel Fahrenheit adapted a thermometer using mercury and a scale both developed by Ole Christensen Rømer.

In 1672 Rømer went to Paris and continued observing the satellites of Jupiter as Cassini's assistant.

In Copenhagen, Rømer made rules for building new houses, got the city's water supply and sewers back in order, ensured that the city's fire department got new and better equipment, and was the moving force behind the planning and making of new pavement in the streets and on the city squares.

In 1681, Rømer returned to Denmark and was appointed professor of astronomy at the University of Copenhagen, and the same year he married Anne Marie Bartholin, the daughter of Rasmus Bartholin.

Ole Rømer at work

( Rømer scale ), The temperature scale used for his thermometer had 0 representing the temperature of a salt and ice mixture ( at about 259 K ).

Rømer then saw that the freezing point of pure water was roughly one eighth of the way ( about 7. 5 degrees ) between these two points, so he redefined the lower fixed point to be the freezing point of water at precisely 7. 5 degrees.

It is for this reason that normal human body temperature is approximately 98 ° ( oral temperature ) on the revised scale ( whereas it was 90 ° on Fahrenheit's multiplication of Rømer, and 96 ° on his original scale ).

Thus the unit of this scale, a Rømer degree, is 100 / 52. 5 = 40 / 21 of a kelvin ( or of a Celsius degree ).

Steady radiation which was presumably of thermal origin was observed from Venus at 3.15 and 9.4 cm, and from Mars and Jupiter at 3.15 cm in 1956 ( Mayer, McCullough, and Sloanaker, 1958, A, B, C ), and from Saturn at 3.75 cm in 1957 ( Drake and Ewen, 1958 ).

This close approximation to the modern value of − 273. 15 ° C for the zero of the air-thermometer was further improved upon in 1779 by Johann Heinrich Lambert, who observed that − 270 ° C might be regarded as absolute cold.

According to his website, three extended periods of his fasting have been observed under control of scientific and medical teams, the first lasting 211 days in 1995 – 96, in Calicut, India, under the direction of Dr C. K. Ramachandran.

Cygwin began in 1995 as a project of Steve Chamberlain, a Cygnus engineer who observed that Windows NT and 95 used COFF as their object file format, and that GNU already included support for x86 and COFF, and the C library newlib.

For example, the density of water increases between its melting point at 0 ° C and 4 ° C ; similar behavior is observed in silicon at low temperatures.

For diderivatives such as the toluidines, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 4 </ sub >( NH < sub > 2 </ sub >)( CH < sub > 3 </ sub >), three isomers were observed, for which Kekulé proposed structures with the two substituted carbon atoms separated by one, two and three carbon-carbon bonds, later named ortho, meta and para isomers respectively.

In 1972, the same phenomenon was observed in helium-3, but at temperatures much closer to absolute zero, by American physicists Douglas D. Osheroff, David M. Lee, and Robert C. Richardson.

When physical chemist Richard Williams applied an electric field to a thin layer of a nematic liquid crystal at 125 ° C, he observed the formation of a regular pattern that he called domains ( now known as Williams Domains ).

Nanodevices could be observed at work inside the body using MRI, especially if their components were manufactured using mostly < sup > 13 </ sup > C atoms rather than the natural < sup > 12 </ sup > C isotope of carbon, since < sup > 13 </ sup > C has a nonzero nuclear magnetic moment.

The particles were never observed to rise above 6 km and when combined with scavenging by clouds gave the smoke a short residency time in the atmosphere and localized its effects ; Professor Carl Sagan of the Turco, Toon, Ackerman, Pollack, Sagan ( TTAPS ) study hypothesized in January 1991 that enough smoke from the fires " might get so high as to disrupt agriculture in much of South Asia ...." Sagan later conceded in his book The Demon-Haunted World that this prediction did not turn out to be correct: " it was pitch black at noon and temperatures dropped 4 °– 6 ° C over the Persian Gulf, but not much smoke reached stratospheric altitudes and Asia was spared.

The first white dwarf discovered was in the triple star system of 40 Eridani, which contains the relatively bright main sequence star 40 Eridani A, orbited at a distance by the closer binary system of the white dwarf 40 Eridani B and the main sequence red dwarf 40 Eridani C. The pair 40 Eridani B / C was discovered by William Herschel on 31 January 1783 ;< sup >, p. 73 </ sup > it was again observed by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve in 1825 and by Otto Wilhelm von Struve in 1851.

The highest observed maximum temperature of 50. 5 ° C ( 122. 9 ° F ) was recorded at Mardie Station on 19 February 1998.

The results of this study suggest that ribavirin may be effective in the early treatment of yellow fever, and that its mechanism of action in reducing liver pathology in yellow fever virus infection may be similar to that observed with ribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C, a virus related to yellow fever.

With the conception of hybridized atomic orbitals by John C. Slater and Linus Pauling, which rationalized observed molecular geometries, the method was based on the premise that the bonds in any molecule could be described in a manner similar to the bond in H < sub > 2 </ sub >, namely, as overlapping atomic orbitals centered on the atoms involved.

However, due to a combination of relatively poor sensitivity, slower than normal scan rates ( typically 2-3 °/ min-due to much heavier crucible ) and unknonwn activation energy, it is necessary to deduct about 75-100 ° C from the initial start of the observed exotherm to suggest a maximum temperature for the material.

The earliest published report on this candiru attacking human hosts comes from German biologist C. F. P. von Martius in 1829, who never actually observed it, but rather was told about it by the native people of the area, including that men would tie a ligature around their penis while going into the river to prevent this from happening.

The difference in global mean temperatures between a fully glacial Earth and an ice free Earth is estimated at approximately 10 ° C, though far larger changes would be observed at high latitudes and smaller ones at low latitudes.

C. elegans is notable in animal sleep studies as the most primitive organism in which sleep-like states have been observed.