The Nedelin catastrophe or Nedelin disaster was a launch pad accident which occurred on 24 October 1960 at Baikonur test range ( of which Baikonur Cosmodrome is a part ), during the development of the Soviet ICBM R-16.

It is possible that only around 20 interim R-16 launchers were operational during the height of the crisis.

Mikhail Yangel, perhaps the most successful of the three but with little political power, presented the small R-26 intended to replace the R-16, the much larger R-36 ICBM, as well as the SK-100, a space launcher based on a huge cluster of R-16's.

The second worst disaster was the Nedelin catastrophe which occurred in the Soviet Union on October 24, 1960, when an R-16 intercontinental ballistic missile exploded on the launch pad, killing around 120 ( best estimate ) military ground support personnel.

* 1960 – Nedelin catastrophe: An R-16 ballistic missile explodes on the launch pad at the Soviet Union's Baikonur Cosmodrome space facility, killing over 100.

* Hydrazine + nitric acid ( toxic but stable ), also known as " Devil's venom ", as used in the Soviet R-16 rocket of the Nedelin catastrophe.

* The R-16 missile, with NATO reporting name SS-7 Saddler.

As commanding officer of the Soviet Union's Strategic Rocket Forces, Nedelin was head of the R-16 development program.

On 23 October, the prototype R-16 was installed on launching pad 41 () awaiting final tests before its firing.

An honor guard at the tomb for those killed during the test R-16 October 24, 1960, the city of Baikonur.

After the committee presented its report, the R-16 program resumed in January 1961 with first successful flight in November.

The delay to the R-16 spurred the USSR toward the development of more effective ICBMs and sparked Khrushchev's decision to install IRBMs in Cuba.

Before the disaster Yangel had ambitions to challenge Sergei Korolev as leader of the Manned Space program, but he was directed to focus on the R-16.

From 1959 the Soviets introduced a number of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) into service, including the SS-4 ' Sandal ', the SS-6 ' Sapwood ' ( R-7 ), the SS-7 ' Saddler ' ( R-16 ), the SS-8 ' Sasin ' ( R-9A ), the SS-8 ' Sasin ' ( R-26 ), the SS-9 ' Scarp ' ( R-36 ), and the SS-16 ' Sinner ' ( RT-21 ), which was possibly never made fully operational.

During a test of the R-16 ICBM on October 24, 1960, the test missile exploded on the pad, killing the first commander of the SRF, Chief Marshal of Artillery Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin.

The R-16 was the first successful intercontinental ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union.

The R-16 was a true first-generation intercontinental missile and a vast improvement over the largely experimental ' zeroth ' generation R-7 Semyorka.

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine was bipropellant used in R-16.

Despite these shortcomings, the R-16 was unquestionably the first truly credible rocket-based strategic nuclear deterrent developed by the Soviet Union.

;: The Strategic Rocket Forces were the only operator of the R-16.

On April 25, 2007 the first volume of the three-part prequel OVA AIKa R-16: Virgin Mission, detailing Aika's time as a 16 years-old teenager, was released in Japan.

His bureau designed the R-12, R-16 and R-36, whose launch vehicle adaptations are known as Cosmos, Tsyklon, Dnepr respectively are still in use today.

Yangel narrowly avoided death during the development of the R-16 in the 1960 Nedelin catastrophe.

Not only is Mr. Frelinghuysen a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, but he is the grandson of the man who was instrumental in opening relations between the United States and Korea, Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, Secretary of State in the administration of Chester A. Arthur.

Next year is the 80th anniversary of the signing of the treaty between Korea and the United States and experts in Seoul are trying to find the correspondence between Frederick Frelinghuysen, who was Secretary of State in 1883 and 1884, and Gen. Lucius Foote, who was the first minister to Korea.

The fact that China ( which is obsessed by Formosa -- to Khrushchev a very small matter ) should be supported by North Korea and North Vietnam is highly indicative.

After all, the average American as he lies and waits for the enemy in Korea or as she scans the newspaper in some vain hope of personal contact with the front is unconcerned that his or her plight is the result of a complex of personal, economic and governmental actions far beyond the normal citizen's comprehension and control.

In Korea, the Hangul alphabet was created by Sejong the Great Hangul is a unique alphabet: it is a featural alphabet, where many of the letters are designed from a sound's place of articulation ( P to look like the widened mouth, L to look like the tongue pulled in, etc.

Chinese philosophy is the dominant philosophical thought in China and other countries within the sinosphere, including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

The meat of this mollusk is considered a delicacy in certain parts of Latin America ( especially Chile ), France, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, and East Asia ( especially in China, Japan, and Korea ).

* 1973 – Kim Dae-jung, a South Korean politician and later president of South Korea, is kidnapped.

It is also found and mined in South Korea.

* 1948 – The Republic of Korea is established south of the 38th parallel north.

* 1974 – Yuk Young-soo, First Lady of South Korea, is killed during an apparent assassination attempt upon President of South Korea, Park Chung-hee.

This marks the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of the Fengtien province, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.

* 2005 – Snuppy, the world's first cloned dog, is born in South Korea.

Although colour change in leaves occurs wherever deciduous trees are found, coloured autumn foliage is noted in various regions of the world: most of Anglo-America, Eastern Asia ( including China, Korea, and Japan ), Europe, parts of Australia and New Zealand.

It is known that tests were undertaken in Cairo, Egypt, Liberia, in South Korea, and in Japan ’ s satellite province of Okinawa in 1961, or earlier.

The Bible that the Anglican Church of Korea uses is the 1994 edition called the " gong-dong beon-yuk-seong-seo " or the Common Translation Bible.

Ddeokbokki is a Korea n dish consisting of sautée d rice cake s with vegetables and pork.

There is no official-level diplomatic relation between Cuba and South Korea.

The objective is reportedly to protect another parts of US National Missile Defense from long-range missile strikes from Iran and North Korea, but Czech PM Mirek Topolánek said the main reason is to avoid Russian influence and strengthen ties to US.