The chemical formulas of organic esters are typically written in the format of RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > R ', where R and R ' are the hydrocarbon parts of the carboxylic acid and alcohol, respectively.

: RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + R ' OH RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > R ' + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O

: RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + R ' OH + P ( C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub > + R < sub > 2 </ sub > N < sub > 2 </ sub > → RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > R ' + OP ( C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub > + R < sub > 2 </ sub > N < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 2 </ sub >

: RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + CH < sub > 2 </ sub > N < sub > 2 </ sub > → RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > CH < sub > 3 </ sub > + N < sub > 2 </ sub >

: RCOCl + R ' OH → RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > R ' + HCl

: ( RCO )< sub > 2 </ sub > O + R ' OH → RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > R ' + RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H

: HOCH < sub > 2 </ sub > CH ( OH ) CH < sub > 2 </ sub > OH + RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + R ' CO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + R < nowiki ></ nowiki > CO < sub > 2 </ sub > H → RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > CH < sub > 2 </ sub > CH ( O < sub > 2 </ sub > CR ') CR < nowiki ></ nowiki > + 3H < sub > 2 </ sub > O

: RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + H < sub > 2 </ sub > C = C = O → RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > C ( O ) CH < sub > 3 </ sub >

: RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > RCO < sub > 3 </ sub > H + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O

:( RCO )< sub > 2 </ sub > O + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > → RCO < sub > 3 </ sub > H + RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H

: RC ( O ) Cl + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > → RCO < sub > 3 </ sub > H + HCl

: C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub > N < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup > BF < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup >-</ sup > + RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H → C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub > CO < sub > 2 </ sub > H + BF < sub > 3 </ sub > + N < sub > 2 </ sub > + RF

: ( RCO )< sub > 2 </ sub > O + R ' NH < sub > 2 </ sub > → ( RCO )< sub > 2 </ sub > NR ' + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O

: RC ( O ) OC ( O ) R + HY → RC ( O ) Y + RCO < sub > 2 </ sub > H

: RC ( O ) Cl + RC < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > H → ( RCO )< sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > + HCl

The International Time Bureau ( BIH ) began a time scale, T < sub > m </ sub > or AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and comparisons to distant clocks using the phase of VLF radio signals.

All 128 ASCII characters, including non-printable characters ( represented by their abbreviations ). The 95 ASCII graphic characters are numbered from 20 < sub > hexadecimal | hex </ sub > to 7E < sub > hexadecimal | hex </ sub > ( decimal 32 to 126 ).

The " space " character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20 < sub > hex </ sub >; for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits.

To keep options available for lower case letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter " A " was placed in position 41 < sub > hex </ sub > to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.

The @ symbol was not used in continental Europe and the committee expected it would be replaced by an accented À in the French variation, so the @ was placed in position 40 < sub > hex </ sub > next to the letter A.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

If F ≥ F < sub > Critical </ sub > ( Numerator DF, Denominator DF, α )

With the formula C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2n + 2 </ sub >, Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a constant relative molecular mass of 14.

Algeria has always been a source of inspiration for different painters who tried to immortalize the prodigious diversity of the sites it offers and the profusion of the facets that passes its population, which offers for Orientalists between the 19 < sup > th </ sup > century and the 20 < sup > th </ sup > century, a striking inspiration for a very rich artistic creation like Eugène Delacroix with his famous painting women of Algiers in their apartment or Etienne Dinet or other painters of world fame like Pablo Picasso with his painting women of Algiers, or painters issued from the Algiers school.

< center ></ center >

< center >

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η < sup > 2 </ sup > ( eta-squared ):

He also offers a conversion table ( see Cohen, 1988, p. 283 ) for eta squared ( η < sup > 2 </ sup >) where 0. 0099 constitutes a small effect, 0. 0588 a medium effect and 0. 1379 a large effect.

When there are only two means to compare, the t-test and the ANOVA F-test are equivalent ; the relation between ANOVA and t is given by F = t < sup > 2 </ sup >.

The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane ( e. g., C < sub > 2 </ sub >- alkane ).

: H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ( l ) + H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ( l ) H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup >( aq ) + OH < sup >−</ sup >( aq )

In pure water the majority of molecules exist as H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, but a small number of molecules are constantly dissociating and re-associating.

Brackets indicate concentration, such that means the concentration of H < sub > 2 </ sub > O.

This force is used in the formal definition of the ampere, which states that it is " the constant current that will produce an attractive force of 2 × 10 < sup >– 7 </ sup > newton per metre of length between two straight, parallel conductors of infinite length and negligible circular cross section placed one metre apart in a vacuum ".

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Because the clocks had been on average well above sea level, this meant that TAI slowed down, by about 10 < sup >− 12 </ sup >.

The simplest possible alkane ( the parent molecule ) is methane, CH < sub > 4 </ sub >.

It lacks the NH < sub > 2 </ sub > group because of the cyclization of the side-chain and is known as an imino acid ; it falls under the category of special structured amino acids .</ ref > where R is an organic substituent known as a " side-chain "); often the term " amino acid " is used to refer specifically to these.

½ ( pKa < sub > 1 </ sub > + pKa < sub > R </ sub >), where pKa < sub > R </ sub > is the side-chain pKa.

Cysteine also has potentially negative side-chain with pKa < sub > R </ sub >

½ ( pKa < sub > R </ sub > + pKa < sub > 2 </ sub >).

where < big ></ big > is the number of degrees of freedom divided by two, R is the universal gas constant and n is the number of moles in the system ( a constant ).

An amide is a compound with the functional group R < sub > n </ sub > E ( O )< sub > x </ sub > NR '< sub > 2 </ sub > ( R and R ' refer to H or organic groups ).

The term amide refers both to classes of compounds and to the functional group ( R < sub > n </ sub > E ( O )< sub > x </ sub > NR '< sub > 2 </ sub >) within those compounds.

Amide can also refer to the conjugate base of ammonia ( the anion H < sub > 2 </ sub > N < sup >–</ sup >) or of an organic amine ( an anion R < sub > 2 </ sub > N < sup >–</ sup >).

Closely related and even more numerous are amides derived from primary amines ( R ' NH < sub > 2 </ sub >) with the formula RC ( O ) NHR '.

* Given an R-module M, the endomorphism ring of M, denoted End < sub > R </ sub >( M ) is an R-algebra by defining ( r · φ )( x ) = r · φ ( x ).

* Every polynomial ring R ..., x < sub > n </ sub > is a commutative R-algebra.

where k < sub > B </ sub > is Boltzmann's constant, T is the temperature, R is the resistance, and is the bandwidth of the frequency.

auxiliary regression is TR < sup > 2 </ sup >, where T is the sample size and R < sup > 2 </ sup > is the coefficient of determination.