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# REDIRECT Signal-to-noise ratio
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# and ratio
How Gerrymandering can influence electoral results on a Voting system # Nonproportional and semiproportional methods | non-proportional system. Example for a state with 3 equally sized districts, 15 voters and 2 parties: Plum ( squares ) and Orange ( circles ). In ( a ), creating 3 mixed-type districts yields a 3 – 0 win to Plum — a disproportional result considering the state-wide 9: 6 Plum majority. In ( b ), Orange wins the urban district while Plum wins the rural districts — the 2-1 result reflects the state-wide vote ratio. In ( c ), gerrymandering techniques ensure a 2-1 win to the state-wide minority Orange party.
# For a given orbit, the ratio of the cube of its semi-major axis to the square of its period is constant.
Jerrum, Valiant, and Vazirani showed that every # P-complete problem either has an FPRAS, or is essentially impossible to approximate ; if there is any polynomial-time algorithm which consistently produces an approximation of a # P-complete problem which is within a polynomial ratio in the size of the input of the exact answer, then that algorithm can be used to construct an FPRAS.
# Ratios of vectors along a line ; i. e., for distinct collinear points the ratio of and is the same as that of and.
# The ratio of the channel noise at any point in a transmission system to an arbitrary level chosen as a reference.
# In asynchronous data transmission, the ratio of ( a ) the absolute value of the maximum measured difference between the actual and theoretical intervals separating any significant instant of modulation ( or demodulation ) from the significant instant of the start element immediately preceding it to ( b ) the unit interval.
# At a discontinuity or impedance mismatch, e. g. in a transmission line, the ratio of the incident power to the reflected power.
# The ratio of ( a ) total received power, i. e., the signal to ( b ) the noise-plus-distortion power.
# The ratio of ( a ) the power of original modulating audio signal, i. e., from a modulated radio frequency carrier to ( b ) the residual audio power, i. e., noise-plus-distortion powers remaining after the original modulating audio signal is removed.
# Partition Coefficient ( K < sub > D </ sub >) ( chemistry )-The ratio of concentrations of a compound in two phases of a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium.
# The maternal mortality ratio, the number of maternal deaths per 100, 000 live births in same time period.
# The standardised mortality ratio ( SMR )- This represents a proportional comparison to the numbers of deaths that would have been expected if the population had been of a standard composition in terms of age, gender, etc.
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