* Orthodox Union website: Rabbi Yosef Edelstein: Parshat Beha ' alotcha: A Few Reflections on Capital Punishment

Rabbi Chaim Noach Levin also wrote in his notes on Megillas Yuchsin that he heard directly from Rabbi Yosef Shaul Halevi, the head of the Rabbinical court of Lemberg, that when he wanted to go see the remains of the Golem, the sexton of the Alt-Neu Shul said that Rabbi Yechezkel Landau had advised against going up to the attic after he himself had gone up.

He cited a responsum by prominent Haredi Orthodox Rabbi Ovadiah Yosef as an example of how the traditional approach works.

Rabbi Yosef was faced with the child of a woman who had left a religious marriage without religious divorce and had a child in the second marriage, seemingly an open-and-shut case of Mamzer status.

Rabbi Yosef proceeded to systematically discredit the evidence that the former marriage had ever taken place.

Rabbi Yosef then found reason to doubt that the new husband was ever the father, finding that because the ex-husband occasionally delivered alimony personally, an ancient presumption ( one of many ) that any time a husband and wife are alone together the law presumes intercourse has taken place governed the case.

* The Beit Yosef, and the Shulchan Aruch of Rabbi Yosef Karo ( 1488 – 1575 ).

The Beit Yosef is a huge commentary on the Tur in which Rabbi Karo traces the development of each law from the Talmud through later rabbinical literature ( examining thirty-two authorities, beginning with the Talmud and ending with the works of Rabbi Israel Isserlein ).

Yalkut Yosef, by Rabbi Yitzhak Yosef, is a voluminous, widely cited and contemporary work of Halakha, based on the rulings of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef.

Rabbi Yosef Qafiḥ's translation was popular in the twentieth century, but a recent translation by Machon MaOhr offers much more comprehensive footnotes.

However the non-Hasidic Haredi community of Jerusalem follows the custom that machine-made matzah may be used, with preference to the use of shmurah flour, in accordance with the ruling of Rabbi Yosef Chaim Zonnenfeld, who actually ruled that machine-made matzah may be preferable to hand made in some cases.

As a result, Rabbi Yosef Karo, author of the Code of Jewish Law, ( Orach Chaim 462: 4.

Commenting on Rabbi Yosef Karo's permission to use egg matzah, the Rema responded "… in our communities, we do not knead ( matzah ) dough with fruit juice .… And one should not change from this unless in a time of emergency for the sake of a sick or old person who needs this " Those who follow this prohibition of eating egg matzah on Passover also include chocolate covered matzah, grape flavoured matzah and the many other varieties available.

Rashi's students, Rabbi Shemaya and Rabbi Yosef, edited the final commentary on the Torah ; some of their own notes and additions also made their way into the version we have today.

* Siddur Siaḥ Yerushalayim: Rabbi Yosef Qafiḥ / Kapach

Maaseh Hoshev is sometimes mistakenly referred to as Sefer Hamispar ( The Book of Number ), which is an earlier and less sophisticated work by Rabbi Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra ( 1090 – 1167 ).

Rabbi Abraham Ben Meir Ibn Ezra ( Hebrew: אברהם אבן עזרא or ראב " ע, Arabic ابن عزرا ; also known as Abenezra ) ( 1089 — 1164 ) was born at Tudela, Navarre Tudela, Navarre ( now in Spain ) in 1089, and died c. 1167, apparently in Calahorra.

* Epstein, Meira, " Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra "-An article by Meira Epstein, detailing all of ibn Ezra's extant astrological works

* Goodman, Mordechai S. ( Translator ), The Sabbath Epistle of Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra ,(' iggeret hashabbat ).

* Siegel, Eliezer, Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary to the Torah

* Rabbi Bachaya Ibn Pakuda, at OU. org

Rabbi Yona Ibn Janach ( Spain, 11th century ) wrote that God demanded only a symbolic sacrifice.

Shmuel Ha-Nagid, Hasdai Ibn Shaprut, and Rabbi Moshe ben Hanoch founded the Lucena Yeshiva that produced such brilliant scholars as Rabbi Yitzhak ibn Ghiath and Rabbi Maimon ben Yosef ( father of Maimonides ).

Abraham Ibn Daud was a student of Rabbi Baruch ben Yitzhak Ibn Albalia, his maternal uncle.

When his family fled Spain, for Fez, Maimonides enrolled in the Academy of Fez and studied under Rabbi Yehuda Ha-Kohen Ibn Soussan-a student of Isaac Alfasi.

Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta, of Ceuta, was the son of Rabbi Yehuda Ha-Kohen Ibn Soussan and a student of Maimonides for whom the " Guide for the Perplexed " is written.

Isaac Abravanel was born and raised in Lisbon ; a student of the Rabbi of Lisbon, Yosef ben Shlomo Ibn Yahya.

Rabbi Yosef was a poet, religious scholar, rebuilder of Ibn Yahya Synagogue of Calatayud, well versed in rabbinic literature and in the learning of his time, devoting his early years to the study of Jewish philosophy.

They were studied by Islamic and Jewish scholars, including Rabbi Moses Maimonides ( 1135 – 1204 ) and the Muslim Judge Ibn Rushd, known in the West as Averroes ( 1126 – 1198 ); both were originally from Cordoba, Spain, although the former left Iberia and by 1168 lived in Egypt.

* Sefer haYashar ( Ibn Ezra ), a commentary on the Pentateuch by the 12th century Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra

According to Adolph Drechsler, he was a pupil of Rabbi Moshe haDarshan and teacher of Abraham Ibn Ezra.

Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra also wrote a response to Dunash, in defense of Saadia Gaon.

Among these are Ibn Rushayd al-Sabti ( d. 1321 ), Mohammed Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari al-Fasi ( d. 1336 ), Abu Imran al-Fasi ( d. 1015 ), a leading theorist of the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, Leo Africanus, a renowned traveler and writer, and Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon.

Main characters: Princess Ateh, Kaghan, Mokadessa, Saint Cyril, Farabi Ibn Kora, Rabbi Isaac Sangari, and others.

* The Arba ' ah Turim ( The Tur, The Four Columns ) by Rabbi Jacob ben Asher ( 1270 – 1343, Toledo, Spain ).

After leaving Germany, he first settled in southern France, and then in Toledo, Spain, where he became rabbi on the recommendation of Rabbi Solomon ben Abraham Adret ( RaShBA ).

; 1013 – 1073: Rabbi Yitchaki Alfassi ( from Morocco, later Spain ) writes the Rif, an important work of Jewish law.

; 1270 – 1343: Rabbi Jacob ben Asher of Spain writes the Arba ' ah Turim ( Four Rows of Jewish Law ).

He was a student of his father, Rabbi Maimon ben Yosef ( a student of Joseph ibn Migash ) in Cordoba, Spain.

Scholars speculate he was a student of Rabbi David Kimhi whose family fled Spain to Narbonne.

Similarly, the symbol illuminates a medieval Tanakh manuscript dated 1307 belonging to Rabbi Yosef bar Yehuda ben Marvas from Toledo, Spain.

Jacob ben Asher, also known as Ba ' al ha-Turim as well as Rabbi Yaakov ben Raash ( Rabbeinu Asher ), was likely born in Cologne, Germany c. 1269 and likely died in Toledo, Spain c. 1343.

He was the third son of the Rabbi Asher ben Jehiel ( known as the " Rosh "), a German-born Rabbi who moved to Spain.

The Mivchar Hepeninim is an ethical work, dated 1484, Written by Rabbi Shlomo ben Yehudah in Spain.

Rabbi Shimon ben Tzemach Duran ( Spain, North Africa 14th-15th century ) delineated the significance of this mishnah: “ Anyone who establishes a friendship for access to power, money, or sexual relations ; when these ends are not attainable, the friendship ceases … love that is not dependent on selfish ends is true love of the other person since there is no intended end .” ( Magen Avot – abridged and adapted translation )

He learned in the North of Spain and became the Rabbi of Saragossa.

Aaron ha-Levi was born in Girona, Spain in 1235 to his father Rabbi Joseph ha-Levi, son of Rabbi Benbineshti ha-Levi, son of Rabbi Joseph ha-Levi, who was the son of Rabbi Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona Baal Hamaor.

The sage Rabbi Yehuda Halevi, the poet, of Spain, found them and put them into his book, in Arabic, and it has been translated into our language ...

In his commentary on the Torah, Rabbi Bahya ben Asher ( 11th century, Spain ) concludes that there were many time systems occurring in the universe long before the spans of history that man is familiar with.

The Society for Crypto-Judaic Studies (" SCJS "), founded in August 1990 by Rabbi Joshua Stampfer of Portland, Oregon, and Dr. Stanley Hordes of Santa Fe, New Mexico, is the major academic organization conducting and encouraging research on the Crypto-Jews of Spain and Portugal and their descendants today.