Egyptian-Hittite peace treaty | Egypto-Hittite Peace Treaty ( c. 1258 BC ) between Hattusili III and Ramesses II is the best known early written peace treaty.

* The Center for Online Judaic Studies: Ramesses III and the Philistines, 1175 BC

It has also been noted that there is great similarity between the names of the Sea Peoples, which at that time were raiding Egypt, as they are listed by Ramesses III and Merneptah, and of the allies of the Trojans.

* 1153 BC — Death of pharaoh Ramesses III of Egypt

* 1153 BC — Death of pharaoh Ramesses III of Egypt

The theory that these people came from the Western Mediterranean, suggested by some who draw attention to the etymological connections between Sherden and Sardinia, Shekelesh with Sicily, and Trs-w ( Teresh or Tursci ) with Etruscans, is not archaeologically satisfactory, and there is evidence that these people arrived in the areas in which they lived in classical times after the period of Ramesses III, rather than before.

If the theory that the Sherden moved to Sardinia only after their defeat by Ramesses III is true, then it could be inferred from this that the finds in Sardinia are survivals of earlier types of weapons and armour.

* Sishepset, from the time of Ramesses III

and Ramesses III were also found.

Usimare Ramesses III ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt.

Ramesses III is believed to have reigned from March 1186 to April 1155 BC.

Ramesses III defeated them in two great land and sea battles.

Ramesses III claims that he incorporated the Sea Peoples as subject peoples and settled them in Southern Canaan, although there is no clear evidence to this effect ; the pharaoh, unable to prevent their gradual arrival in Canaan, may have claimed that it was his idea to let them reside in this territory.

Ramesses III was also compelled to fight invading Libyan tribesmen in two major campaigns in Egypt's Western Delta in his Year 6 and Year 11 respectively.

Thanks to the discovery of papyrus trial transcripts ( dated to Ramesses III ), it is now known that there was a plot against his life as a result of a royal harem conspiracy during a celebration at Medinet Habu.

Iset's son, Ramesses ( the future Ramesses IV ), was the eldest and the successor chosen by Ramesses III in preference to Tiy's son Pentaweret.

Red granite sarcophagus of Ramesses III ( Louvre )

However, Ramesses III died in his 32nd year before the summaries of the sentences were composed, but the same year that the trial documents record the trial and execution of the conspirators.

Prior to this discovery, it had been speculated that Ramesses III may have been killed by means that would not have left a mark on the body.

His mummy includes an amulet to protect Ramesses III in the afterlife from snakes.

Ramesses III may have been doubtful as to the latter's chances of succeeding him since, in the Great Harris Papyrus, he implored Amun to ensure his son's rights.

Papyrus Harris I records some of Ramesses III activities:

Medinet Habu temple relief of Ramesses III

During 1823, he confirmed this, identifying the names of pharaohs Ramesses and Thutmose written in cartouches in far older hieroglyphic inscriptions that had been copied by Bankes at Abu Simbel and sent on to Champollion by Jean-Nicolas Huyot.

Comparison by David Rohl of ( first line ) the name Sysw ( the hypocoristicon of Ramesses II ) as it would have been written using 13th to 10th century Proto-Hebrew signs, and ( second line ) the biblical name Shyshk as it would have been written using 9th to 7th-century Early Hebrew signs.

Upon his accession, Ramesses assumed a prenomen, or royal name, which is written in Egyptian hieroglyphs to the right.

Outside of the inscriptions, there are textual occurrences preserved in Papyrus Raifet and Papyrus Sallier III, and a rendering of these same events in a letter from Ramesses to Hattusili III written in response to a scoffing complaint by Hattusili about the pharaoh's victorious depiction of the battle.

These large stelae stand in contrast to the Turin Royal Canon ( like Saqqara, contemporaneous with Ramesses II ), written in hieratic script.

Ramesses IX ( also written Ramses ) ( originally named Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset ) ( ruled 1129 – 1111 BC ) was the eighth king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt.

Heqamaatre Ramesses IV ( also written Ramses or Rameses ) was the third pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt.

Usermare Akhenamun Ramesses VIII ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) or Ramesses Sethherkhepshef Meryamun (' Set is his Strength, beloved of Amun ') ( at 1130-1129 BC, or simply 1130 BC as Krauss and Warburton date his reign ), was the seventh Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt and was one of the last surviving sons of Ramesses III.

Khepermare Ramesses X ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) ( ruled c. 1111 BC – 1107 BC ) was the ninth ruler of the 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

Ramesses XI ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) reigned from 1107 BC to 1078 BC or 1077 BC and was the tenth and final king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt.

Ramesses XI's reign is notable for a large number of important papyri that have been uncovered, including the Adoption Papyrus, which mentions Regnal Years 1 and 18 of his reign ; the Turin Taxation Papyrus ; the House-list Papyrus ; and an entire series of Late Ramesside Letters written by the scribes Dhutmose, Butehamun, and the High Priest Piankh — the latter of which chronicle the severe decline of the king's power even in the eyes of his own officials.

Usermare Sekhepenre Ramesses V ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) was the fourth pharaoh of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt and was the son of Ramesses IV and Queen Duatentopet.

Hattusili and the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II sealed a written peace treaty based upon Hittite models which, due to Egyptian monumental copies of it, has become the earliest well known treaty in history, establishing a long-lasting peace between the two rival empires.

Ramesses VI ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) was the fifth ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt who reigned from 1145 BC to 1137 BC and a son of Ramesses III by Iset Ta-Hemdjert.

Usermaatre Setepenre Meryamun Ramesses VII ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) was the sixth pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

Ramesses ’ obvious affection for his wife, as written on her tomb's walls, shows clearly that Egyptian queens were not simply marriages of convenience or marriages designed to accumulate greater power and alliances, but, in some cases at least, were actually based around some kind of emotional attachment.

Also poetry written by Ramesses about his dead wife is featured on some of the walls of her burial chamber.

File: Ramses III mummy head. png | Ramesses III's mummy

Ramesses (; also commonly spelled Rameses or Ramses ) is the name conventionally given in English transliteration to 11 Egyptian pharaohs of the later New Kingdom period.

Menpehtyre Ramesses I ( traditional English: Ramesses or Ramses ) was the founding Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 19th dynasty.

The Ramesseum is the memorial temple ( or mortuary temple ) of Pharaoh Ramesses II (" Ramesses the Great ", also spelled " Ramses " and " Rameses ").