* 1187 – Raynald of Châtillon, French knight ( b. 1125 )

Jerusalem looked again towards the Byzantine Empire for help, and Emperor Manuel was looking for a way to restore his empire's prestige after his defeat at the Battle of Myriokephalon in 1176 ; this mission was undertaken by Raynald of Châtillon.

Baldwin betrothed eight-year-old Isabella to Humphrey IV of Toron, stepson of the powerful Raynald of Châtillon, thereby removing her from the influence of the Ibelin family and that of her mother.

At the end of 1181, Raynald of Châtillon raided south into Arabia, in the direction of Medina, although he did not make it that far.

" Raynald de Châtillon had sent ships to the Gulf of Aqaba to raid towns and villages off the coast of the Red Sea.

Raynald of Châtillon, in particular, harassed Muslim trading and pilgrimage routes with a fleet on the Red Sea, a water route that Saladin needed to keep open.

Saladin captured Raynald de Châtillon and was personally responsible for his execution in retaliation for his attacks against Muslim caravans.

Yet Manuel's attention was to be drawn to Antioch again in 1156, when Raynald of Châtillon, the new Prince of Antioch, claimed that the Byzantine emperor had reneged on his promise to pay him a sum of money, and vowed to attack the Byzantine province of Cyprus.

The expedition was forced to withdraw when a dispute arose between Thierry, Count of Flanders and Raynald of Châtillon, the new husband of Constance of Antioch, both of whom wanted Shaizar for themselves.

Later in 1159 Baldwin became regent of Antioch once more, after Raynald of Châtillon had been captured in battle.

He sent Raynald of Châtillon ( the former prince of Antioch through marriage to Amalric I's cousin Constance of Antioch ) to Constantinople as envoy to Manuel I Comnenus, to obtain Byzantine naval support.

In November, Baldwin and Raynald of Châtillon defeated Saladin with the help of the Knights Templar at the celebrated Battle of Montgisard.

Allied to them was Raynald of Châtillon, who had been in the country since the Second Crusade and was the widower of Amalric I's cousin Constance of Antioch.

Along with Raynald of Châtillon, he provoked Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, with raids on Muslim caravans.

Humphrey, however, backed down ( he was stepson of Guy's ally Raynald of Châtillon ), and swore fealty to Sibylla and Guy.

However, he and Raynald of Châtillon made provocations against Saladin during a two-year period of truce.

Raynald of Châtillon gained popular support for Sibylla by affirming that she was " li plus apareissanz et plus dreis heis dou rouame " (" the most evident and rightful heir of the kingdom ").

Guy is portrayed as a peace-loving elderly man, goaded into war by Raynald of Châtillon, in Egyptian director Youssef Chahine's 1963 film Al Nasser Salah Ad-Din.

Guy of Lusignan became king of Jerusalem in 1186, in right of his wife Sibylla, after the death of Sibylla's son Baldwin V. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was at this time divided between the " court faction " of Guy, Sibylla, and relative newcomers to the kingdom such as Raynald of Châtillon, as well as Gerard of Ridefort and the Knights Templar ; and the " nobles ’ faction ", led by Raymond III of Tripoli, who had been regent for the child-king Baldwin V and had opposed the succession of Guy.

Another Prince of Antioch, Raynald of Châtillon was captured, and the territories of that Principality greatly reduced.

Later in 1160, Nur ad-Din captured the Prince of Antioch, Raynald of Châtillon after a raid in the Anti-Taurus mountains ; Raynald remained in captivity for the next sixteen years.

Baldwin III of Jerusalem was technically regent for Raymond's widow Constance until 1153 when she married Raynald of Châtillon.

It was probably around this time that Raynald also attacked a Muslim caravan.

Raynald also sent some of the mutilated hostages to Constantinople as a vivid demonstration of his disobedience and his contempt for the Byzantine emperor.

Realising that he had no hope of defeating Manuel, Raynald also knew that he could not expect any help from king Baldwin III of Jerusalem.

Raynald also threatened to attack Mecca itself.

Then the emperor turned to Antioch for help ; he offered to recognize the new Prince, Raynald of Châtillon, if the Franks of Antioch would fight for him against Thoros ; he also promised a money-subsidy if the work were properly done.

Constance remarried in 1153 to Raynald of Châtillon, who also became co-ruler of Antioch.

He was also a stepson of Stephanie's second and third husbands Miles of Plancy and Raynald of Châtillon.

He also conducted successful peace negotiations with Saladin after raids by Raynald of Châtillon in Transjordan.

* Raynald of Châtillon, also known as Reginald of Châtillon, a knight in the Second Crusade and Prince of Antioch

Raymond of Tripoli, Balian of Ibelin, and Reginald of Sidon escaped, but Raynald was executed by Saladin and Guy was imprisoned in Damascus.

The first edition was printed at Venice in 1483 by Raynald de Novimagio in folio ; the latest at Paris, 1556, 1557.

Soon afterwards, Philip of Flanders arrived in Jerusalem on pilgrimage ; he was Baldwin IV's cousin, and the king offered him the regency and command of the army, both of which Philip refused, although he objected to the appointment of Raynald as regent.

Manuel at first ignored the prostrate Raynald, chatting with his courtiers ; William of Tyre commented that this ignominious scene continued for so long that all present were " disgusted " by it.

* Raynald Levesque's SPSS Tools-library of worked solutions for SPSS programmers ( FAQ, command syntax ; macros ; scripts ; python )

Raymond led the vanguard ; Guy the main army ; and Balian, Raynald, and the military orders made up the rearguard.

Raynald, too, immediately found himself in conflict with the Byzantines, this time in Cyprus ; he made peace with Manuel I Comnenus, however, in 1158, and the next year Manuel arrived to take personal control of the Principality.

His disputes with Raynald, Guy, and the so-called " court party " are depicted broadly in accordance with the historiographical tradition of M. W. Baldwin and Steven Runciman: Monahan seems to have been unaware of more recent scholarship ; however, he is depicted as not taking part in the battle of Hattin, and leaves the kingdom with the intention of retiring to Cyprus, rather than returning home to die.

Guy and Raynald are captured ; Saladin executes Raynald and then marches on Jerusalem, sparing Guy as king only out of tradition.

* Saladin decapitates Raynald de Châtillon instead of only cutting his throat ; this is generally believed to be more historically accurate.

After a short battle near Alexendretta, Raynald drove the Armenian back into Cilicia ; and he presented the re-conquered country to the Knights Templar.

Other view is that after the battle Raynald was forced to return home, covered with humiliation ; and later on, Thoros voluntarily surrendered to the brethren the fortresses in question, and the Knights in turn took oath “ to assist the Armenians on all occasions where they needed help .” In 1156, the Jacobites were allowed to build a new cathedral in Antioch, at whose dedication the Princess Constance and Thoros assisted.

Raynald quickly sided with Thoros and conspired to attack Cyprus ; and the Armenians attacked the few remaining Byzantine fortresses in Cilicia.

The nightmare lasted about three weeks ; then, on the rumor of an imperial fleet in the offing, Raynald gave the order for re-embarkation.

She married three times ; firstly to Humphrey III of Toron, secondly to Miles of Plancy ; her third and last husband was Raynald of Chatillon.