Redshift and blueshift

Redshift or red shift may refer to:

* Redshift ( theory ), techno-economic theory segmenting technology markets as either over or under-served by Moore's Law

* Redshift, open-source software that reduces eye strain by adjusting a screen's color temperature according to the time of day

* Redshift, an EP by Splashdown released on Capitol Records

It was discovered in 1989 by Margaret Geller and John Huchra based on redshift survey data from the CfA Redshift Survey.

* " Cleopatra Brimstone ", Elizabeth Hand ( Redshift, edited by Al Sarrantonio, Roc )

Redshift is directly observable and used by cosmologists as a direct measure of lookback time.

The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, co-led by Matthew Colless, undertook the largest galaxy redshift survey of its time, and was conducted at the Anglo-Australian Observatory ( AAO ) with the 3. 9m Anglo-Australian Telescope between 1997 and 11 April 2002.

Omnium Gatherum's 4th album " The Redshift " was nailed and furled at Sound Supreme and SouthEastSounds Studios during the spring days of 2008 and it was mixed and mastered at Unisound Studio in Sweden by the legendary metal-mastermind Dan Swanö, who commented the album with his nice words: " I hate bands like Omnium Gatherum, they are so good it pisses me off !!!

In astronomy, the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ( Two-degree-Field Galaxy Redshift Survey ), 2dF or 2dFGRS is a redshift survey conducted by the Anglo-Australian Observatory ( AAO ) with the 3. 9m Anglo-Australian Telescope between 1997 and 11 April 2002.

For publication in Extragalactic Gas at Low Redshift, by Mulchaey, et al., eds ( 2001 ).

Bell and D. McDiarmid, reported: " Six Peaks Visible in the Redshift Distribution of 46, 400 SDSS Quasars Agree with the Preferred Redshifts Predicted by the Decreasing Intrinsic Redshift Model ".

He is the creator and lead proponent for Redshift, a theory on whether technology markets are over or under-served by Moore's Law.

Redshift is a shift in the spectrum of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from an object toward lower energies and frequencies, associated with the phenomenon of the Doppler Effect.

This is the approach of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey.

* 33 Ym — 3. 5 gigalight-years — Maximum distance of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ( light travel distance )

Gravity Probe A, also called the Redshift Experiment, used an extremely precise hydrogen maser clock to confirm part of Einstein's general theory of relativity.

For example, deep sky galaxy surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey or the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, combine line of sight galaxy positions with red shift data to produce three dimensional maps of galaxy clustering across an estimated area over 4 billion light years wide ( a red shift radius of z > 0. 20 ); statistical tests applied to these maps confirm that isotropy applies to different viewpoints within them.

He has developed data analysis tools based on information theory and applied them to Cosmic Microwave Background experiments such as COBE, QMAP, and WMAP, and to galaxy redshift surveys such as the Las Campanas Redshift Survey, the 2dF Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

Data released in June 2003 from the 5-year Two-degree-Field Galaxy Redshift Survey ( 2dF ) has allowed astronomers to compare the LS to other superclusters.

* P. Madau, A. Meiksin and M. J. Rees, " 21-cm Tomography of the Intergalactic Medium at High Redshift ", Astrophysical Journal 475, 429 ( 1997 ).

Napier: Ultraluminous X-ray Sources, High Redshift QSOs and Active Galaxies.

The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ( 2dFGRS ) used the 2dF instrument to obtain spectra and redshifts for ~ 250000 galaxies brighter than B ~ 19. 5 over ~ 7 % of the southern sky in only ~ 270 nights.

The first redshift survey was the CfA Redshift Survey, started in 1977 with the initial data collection completed in 1982.

More recently, the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey determined the large-scale structure of one section of the Universe, measuring z-values for over 220, 000 galaxies ; data collection was completed in 2002, and the final data set was released 30 June 2003.

The DEEP2 Redshift Survey uses the Keck telescopes with the new " DEIMOS " spectrograph ; a follow-up to the pilot program DEEP1, DEEP2 is designed to measure faint galaxies with redshifts 0. 7 and above, and it is therefore planned to provide a complement to SDSS and 2dF.

If the observer is at a lower gravitational potential than the source, a gravitational blueshift can be observed instead.

Thus the velocity can be measured from the amount of redshift ( or blueshift ) of the star's spectrum.

Light from an object with a substantial relative radial velocity at emission will be subject to the Doppler effect, so the frequency of the light decreases for objects that were receding ( redshift ) and increases for objects that were approaching ( blueshift ).

In a contracting universe, cosmological blueshift would be observed ; the expanding universe gives a cosmological redshift, and the expansion is observed to be accelerating.

* Doppler blueshift of distant objects ( high z ) can be subtracted from the much larger cosmological redshift to determine relative motion in the expanding universe.

Instead, the blueshift is thought to be evidence for the large range in velocities of objects within the Virgo Cluster itself.

Doppler blueshift is caused by movement of a source toward the observer.

A blueshift ( or redshift ) does not alter the amount of energy emitted by the object and therefore is not a beaming effect.

Pound and Rebka countered the gravitational blueshift by moving the emittor away from the receiver, thus generating a relativistic Doppler redshift:

When the Doppler shift canceled out the gravitational blueshift, the receiving sample absorbed gamma rays and the number of gamma rays detected by the scintillation counter dropped accordingly.

In astronomy, a blueshift is a decrease in electromagnetic wavelength caused by the motion of a celestial object toward an observer.

The standard interpretation of this temperature variation is a simple velocity redshift and blueshift due to motion relative to the CMB, but alternative cosmological models can explain some fraction of the observed dipole temperature distribution in the CMB.

Doppler blueshift is used in astronomy to determine relative motion:

* When observing spiral galaxies, the side spinning toward us will have a slight blueshift relative to the side spinning away from us ( see Tully – Fisher relation ).