( This prohibition has been relaxed in many Reform and some Conservative congregations.

Druyan has served on the Board of Directors of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws ( NORML ) for over 10 years ,< ref >

Conservative Judaism has its roots in the school of thought known as Positive-Historical Judaism, developed in 1850s Germany as a reaction to the more liberal religious positions taken by Reform Judaism.

Mordecai Waxman, a leading figure in the Rabbinical Assembly, writes that " Reform has asserted the right of interpretation but it rejected the authority of legal tradition.

Chancery cases on group litigation after 1700 were a totally incoherent mess, which Yeazell has explained by pointing to the trends towards fragmentation and individualism in English society during that period ; the resulting societal pressures ultimately led to the Reform Act 1832.

Fianna Fáil joined the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party on 16 April 2009, and has sat in its associated Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group in the European Parliament since the 2009 European elections.

As of today, the Law Reform Commission recommendation still stands and has not as yet been acted upon ; the Firearms Act consists of the initial 1925 Act amended by approximately eighteen separate Acts and is well understood by only a handful of those directly involved in its drafting, amendment or usage.

The Reform Package debate has seen the return of key political figure and former Chief Secretary Anson Chan, raising speculations of a possible run up for the 2007 Chief Executive election, though she dismissed having a personal interest in standing for the next election.

According to some sources, the Reform movement has maintained that a Jew who has converted to another religion is no longer a Jew, and the Israeli Government has also taken that stance after Supreme Court cases and statutes.

However, the Reform movement has indicated that this is not so cut and dry, and different situations call for consideration and differing actions.

Reform Judaism has developed an egalitarian prayer service in the vernacular ( along with Hebrew in many cases ) and emphasizes personal connection to Jewish tradition.

Reflecting its philosophical position, Reform Judaism, unlike Conservative Judaism, has altered the traditional prayers to refer to " redemption " rather than a " redeemer " and removed petitions for restoration of the House of David.

Like Reform Judaism, Reconstructionist Judaism has also altered traditional prayers so that they no longer refer to a personal Messiah.

The Reform Judaism movement, the largest branch of Judaism in North America, has rejected the traditional view of Jewish Law on this issue.

For two years, he and his Cabinet ( including four future Prime Ministers – Melbourne, Russell, Palmerston and Derby – and one former one, Goderich ) fought to pass what has come to be known as the Great Reform Bill of 1832.

This has enabled Reform communities to allow women to perform many rituals traditionally reserved for men, such as:

The 1983 resolution of the American Reform movement has had a mixed reception in Reform Jewish communities outside of the United States.

Reform of the date of Easter has been proposed several times because the current system for determining the date of Easter is seen as presenting two significant problems:

In the 19th and 20th centuries CE, new movements such as Reform Judaism and Conservative Judaism have made adaptations to the practice of Torah reading, but the basic pattern of Torah reading has usually remained the same:

Both Ansip and Kruuse are members of the Estonian Reform Party, which has dominated in Tartu in recent times.

The Reform Judaism movement, the largest branch of Judaism in North America, has rejected the traditional view of Jewish Law on this issue.

The Reform Act 1867 extended the franchise by 938, 427 – an increase of 88 % – by giving the vote to male householders and male lodgers paying at least 10 pounds for rooms and eliminating rotten boroughs with fewer than 10, 000 inhabitants, and granting constituencies to fifteen unrepresented towns, and extra representation in parliament to larger towns such as Liverpool and Manchester, which had previously been under-represented in Parliament.

However, the Conservatives were still a minority in the House of Commons, and the passage of the Reform Bill required the calling of new election once the new voting register had been compiled.

Apart from increasing the presidential mandate from 5 years to 7 years, very few amendments of the 1996 Constitutional Reform have been applied.

The three largest Jewish denominations — Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism — maintain the belief that the Jews have been chosen by God for a purpose.

New programs based on modern learning theories that test individual learning, and teach to mastery of a subject have been proved by the Kentucky Education Reform Act ( KERA ) to be far more effective than group instruction with compromise schedules, or even class-size reduction.

In 1832, John Russell had been nicknamed " Finality John " because of his statement that the 1832 Reform Act had just been approved by both the House of Commons and the House of Lords would be the " final " expansion of the vote in Britain.

They have been accepted as religious holidays by the following groups: The Union of Orthodox Congregations and the Rabbinical Council of America ; The United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth ; Reform Judaism ; Conservative Judaism ; Reconstructionist Judaism ; the Union for Traditional Judaism.

Two years later in 1883, the system of appointments to the United States Federal Bureaucracy was revamped by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, partially based on the British meritocratic civil service that had been established years earlier.

Reports that the Constitution Party discussed a merger between several third parties such as the Reform Party, Independent American Party, American Independent Party, and the America First Party have been refuted by other accounts of the events.

The Conservatives then formed a ministry, in which after long Parliamentary debate Disraeli passed the Second Reform Act of 1867, more far-reaching than Gladstone's proposed bill had been.

In the next general election in 1868, the South Lancashire constituency had been broken-up by the Second Reform Act into two: South East Lancashire and South West Lancashire.

Having previously been a local authority institution, the polytechnic became a corporate body on 1 April 1989, as allowed by the terms of the Education Reform Act 1988.

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, while tightening border controls, also provided the opportunity of naturalization for illegal aliens who had been in the country for at least four years.

Although himself a practicing orthodox Jew, he has been referred to as the father of Reform Judaism.

The claim for the women's vote appears to have been first made by Jeremy Bentham in 1817 when he published his Plan of Parliamentary Reform in the form of a Catechism and was taken up by William Thompson in 1825, when he published, with Anna Wheeler, An Appeal of One Half the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men, to Retain Them in Political, and Thence in Civil and Domestic Slavery: In Reply to Mr. Mill's Celebrated Article on Government.

Le Pen has been a vocal critic of the European Reform Treaty ( formally known as the Treaty of Lisbon ) which was signed by EU member states on 13 December 2007, and entered into force on 1 December 2009.

Under the leadership of Reform / CA activist Randy Thorsteinson, the new party never sought a formal link with the CA, and if it had done so the overture would likely have been rebuffed since many Albertan CA members continued to support the Alberta Progressive Conservatives.

This ruling is still followed in traditional and orthodox circles but has been relaxed in branches like Conservative and Reform Judaism that are less strict in their adherence to traditional Jewish law.

Leopold Zunz ( Hebrew / Yiddish: יום טוב ליפמן צונץ —" Yom Tov Lipmann Tzuntz "; 10 August 1794 – 17 March 1886 ) was a German Reform rabbi and writer, the founder of what has been termed " Jewish Studies " or " Judaic Studies " ( Wissenschaft des Judentums ), the critical investigation of Jewish literature, hymnology and ritual.

Although affiliated with the Reform movement, Zunz appeared to show little sympathy for it, though this has been attributed to his disdain for ecclesiastical ambition and fears that rabbinical autocracy would result from the Reform crusade.