William L. Shirer, who worked in Berlin as a journalist in the 1930s and was acquainted with Goebbels, wrote in The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich ( 1960 ) that the deformity was from a childhood attack of osteomyelitis and a failed operation to correct it.

In public, Goebbels remained confident of German victory: " We live at the most critical period in the history of the Occident ," he wrote in Das Reich in February 1943.

Adenauer was imprisoned for two days after the Night of the Long Knives on the 30th June 1934, but already on the 10th of August 1934, maneuvering for his pension, he wrote a 10-page letter to Hermann Göring ( the Prussian interior minister ) stating among other things that as a mayor he had even violated Prussian laws in order to allow NSDAP events in public buildings and Nazi flags to be flown from city flagpoles, and added that in 1932 he had declared publicly that the Nazis should join the Reich government in a leading role.

In 1955, Remarque wrote the screenplay for an Austrian film, The Last Act ( Der letzte Akt ), about Hitler's final days in the bunker of the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, which was based on the book Ten Days to Die ( 1950 ) by Michael Musmanno.

Even his editorial aide, Joachim Fest, noted in later editions of Inside the Third Reich that much of what Speer wrote disagreed with his testimony at Nuremberg.

Reich wrote that he believed his father intended to commit slow suicide, but whatever the intention his father fell ill with lung disease and died in 1914.

In his Passion of Youth, Reich wrote: " I never saw either my homeland or my possessions again.

Reich wrote later of this period:

Reich found the society dull and wrote that he behaved " like a shark in a pond of carps.

The psychoanalyst Richard Sterba ( 1898 – 1989 ) wrote that Reich was a brilliant clinician during the 1920s.

Anna Freud ( 1895 – 1982 ), Freud's daughter – whom Jones had contacted about Reich's desire to move to England – wrote that Reich " flies off into a world of his own ," and that " this will end in sickness.

From 1934 – 1939 Reich conducted what he called the bion experiments, seeking the origins of life, which he wrote up in Die Bione: Zur Entstehung des vegetativen Lebens ( The Bion Experiments on the Origin of Life ), published in Oslo in 1938.

In June 1936 Reich wrote in his journal: " Since everything is antithetically arranged, there must be two different types of single-celled organisms: ( a ) life-destroying organisms or organisms that form through organic decay, ( b ) life-promoting organisms that form from inorganic material that comes to life.

Kreyberg wrote that the broth Reich had used as his culture medium was indeed sterile, but that the bacteria were ordinary staphylococci.

The anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski wrote to the Norwegian press in support of Reich.

" Reich received support from overseas, first from the anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski ( 1884 – 1942 ), who wrote to the press in Norway in March 1938 that Reich's " sociological works ... a distinct and valuable contribution toward science ," and from A. S. Neill ( 1883 – 1973 ), founder of Summerhill, a progressive school in England, who argued that " the campaign against Reich seems largely ignorant and uncivilized, more like fascism than democracy ..."

Reich wrote in his diary in May 1939:

In December 1940 Reich wrote to Albert Einstein ( 1879 – 1955 ) saying he had a scientific discovery he wanted to discuss, and in January 1941 visited him in Princeton, where they talked for five hours.

" Through these experiments I regard the matter as completely solved ," he wrote to Reich on 7 February 1941.

Of Reich she wrote: " Orgone, named after the sexual orgasm, is, according to Reich, a cosmic energy.

At the top of his copy of the New Republic article, Reich wrote the words " THE SMEAR.

Sharaf wrote in 1983 that Paul Mathews and John M. Bell started teaching a course on Reich in 1968 at New York University through its Division of Continuing Study, and it was apparently still being taught at the time Sharaf was writing, making it the longest-running course ever taught in that division.

In 1920, under massive French pressure, the Saar was separated from the Rhine Province and administered by the League of Nations until a plebiscite in 1935, when the region was returned to the German Reich.

Kahn apparently became ill in November 1920 and died suddenly of sepsis, according to Reich, after sleeping in a bitterly cold room she had rented as a place for her and Reich to meet ( both his landlady and her parents had forbidden their meetings ).

The team passed largely unremarked through the following years, it reached the tier-one Kreisliga Saar in 1919, the Kreisliga Pfalz in 1920 and the Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar in 1931 and spent the rest of the 30's bouncing up and down between the Bezirksliga and the upper level Gauliga Südwest, one of sixteen top flight divisions formed in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich.

Marcel Reich-Ranicki was born Marceli Reich on June 2, 1920, at Włocławek, Poland, to David Reich, a Polish-Jewish merchant, and his wife Helene Auerbach Reich, who came from a German-Jewish family.

After the resignation of the Bauer ministry, which followed upon the Kapp coup d ' état ( March 1920 ), Müller was appointed chancellor of the Reich, an office which he held till the following June, when the result of the general elections for the Reichstag necessitated the formation of a coalition ministry with Constantin Fehrenbach of the Catholic Centre party as chancellor.

* 1920, Lilly Reich becomes the first female Director

In 1920 Wels and Carl Legien organised the general strike that helped defeat the right-wing Kapp Putsch, after which Wels enforced the resignation of his party colleague Gustav Noske as Reich Minister of Defence.

In the summer of 1920, Enver sent Seeckt a letter from Moscow asking for German arms deliveries to the Soviet Union in exchange for which Trotsky promised to partition Poland with the Reich.

It was founded in 1920 as the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen when the Weimar Republic ( formally Deutsches Reich – " German Empire " – hence the usage of " Reich " in the name of the railway ) took national control of the German railways, which had previously been run by the German states.

The Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen (" German Reich ( Imperial ) Railways ") were established on 1 April 1920 as a union of the existing state railway companies ( Länderbahnen ) of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Württemberg, Baden, Mecklenburg and Oldenburg.

* Rotation, 1949-showing the life of a working-class family in Berlin between 1920 and 1945, from the Great Depression over the Third Reich until the Battle of Berlin.

# The Law Concerning the Highest State Office of the Reich ( August 1, 1934 ) prescribed that upon the death of the incumbent president, that office would be merged with the office of the chancellor, and that the competencies of the former should be transferred to the " Führer und Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler ", as the law stated.

Despite this, in an editorial in his newspaper Das Reich in November 1941 Goebbels quoted Hitler ’ s 1939 " prophecy " that the Jews would be the loser in the coming world war.

The fact that Himmler was Interior Minister only increased the power of Bormann, as the Gauleiters feared that Himmler, who was General Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the Reich, would curb their power and set up his higher SS and police leaders as their replacement.

He told Vice-Admiral Hans-Erich Voss that he would not entertain the idea of either surrender or escape: " I was the Reich Minister of Propaganda and led the fiercest activity against the Soviet Union, for which they would never pardon me ," Voss quoted him as saying.

Hitler and Ribbentrop believed that demanding colonial restoration would pressure the British into making an alliance with the Reich on German terms.

If the Poles rejected his offer, then Poland would be considered an enemy of the Reich.

Ciano said that it was absurd to believe that the Reich could attack Poland without triggering a wider war and that now the Italians were left with the choice of either going to war when they needed three more years to rearm or being forced into the humiliation of having to violate the terms of the Pact of Steel by declaring neutrality ( which would make the Italians appear cowardly ).

On the night of 30 – 31 August 1939, Ribbentrop had an extremely heated exchange with the British Ambassador, Sir Nevile Henderson, who objected to Ribbentrop's demand, given at about midnight, that if a Polish plenipotentiary did not arrive in Berlin that night to discuss the German " final offer ", then the responsibility for the outbreak of war would not rest on the Reich.

After the Government of the German Reich and the Government of the U. S. S. R. have, by means of the treaty signed today, definitively settled the problems arising from the collapse of the Polish state and have thereby created a sure foundation for a lasting peace in the region, they mutually express their conviction that it would serve the true interest of all peoples to put an end to the state of war existing at present between Germany on the one side and England and France on the other.

It was Adolf Hitler's personal desire that grossdeutsches reich and nationalsozialistischer staat (" National Socialist State ") would be used in place of Drittes Reich.

Another name that was popular during this period was the term Tausendjähriges Reich (" Thousand-Year Reich "), the millennial connotations of which suggested that Nazi Germany would last for a thousand years to come ; in reality it was ousted after a mere 12 years.

The " People's Car " would be available to citizens of the Third Reich through a savings scheme at 990 Reichsmark ( US $ 396 in 1930s dollars )-- about the price of a small motorcycle ( an average income being around 32RM a week ).

The Third Reich would not exist and the world we know today would be completely different.

Through Raeder expressed some worry in the first half of 1939 over the prospect of a war with Britain when the Plan Z had barely began, he accepted and believed in the assurances of Hitler and the Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop that neither Britain nor France would go to war if the Reich attacked Poland.

Raeder believed that once Britain was defeated, Germany would have to take on and destroy Japan to properly achieve its " world power status " because as a great sea power, Japan was bound to become an enemy of the Reich sooner or later.

The Germans made it clear that if Spain entered the war, Franco would have to promise at a minimum, extraterritorial naval bases in Morocco and the Canary Islands to the Reich in exchange for which the Germans would reward Spain with various British and French colonies in Africa ; Franco rejected the German preconditions which he saw as interfering with Spanish sovereignty, and stayed neutral.

On 4 February 1941, Raeder sent Hitler a memo suggesting that the continual neutrality of the United States was not the in the best interests of the Reich, and suggested that having the United States as an enemy might even be " advantageous for the German war effort " if that would bring in Japan into the war against Britain and the United States.

Raeder by contrast thought only of the " immediate operational advantages " that would accrue to Germany if the Reich went to war with the United States.

This was a contingency measure which would let it assume control of the Reich in the event that internal disturbances blocked communications to the military high command.

The " People's Car " would be available to citizens of the Third Reich through a savings scheme, or Sparkarte ( savings booklet ), at 990 Reichsmark, about the price of a small motorcycle ( an average income being around 32RM a week ).

In Hitler's view, the idea of restoring the 1914 borders of the Reich was absurd as those borders did not provide sufficient Lebensraum ; only a foreign policy that aimed at the conquest of the proper quantity of Lebensraum would justify the necessary sacrifices that war entailed.