Among the best-known people who have attended the University of Pisa are Italian Presidents Giovanni Gronchi and Carlo Azeglio Ciampi ; Haitian President René Préval ; Nicaraguan President Adan Cardenas ; Pope Clement XII ; Italian Prime Ministers Sidney Sonnino, Giuliano Amato and Massimo D ' Alema ; Somali Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi ; Italian political leaders Carlo Sforza, Paolo Emilio Taviani, Alessandro Natta, Enrico Letta, Marcello Pera, Fabio Mussi and Sandro Bondi ; Italian Constitutional Court Judge Sabino Cassese ; Roman Catholic Cardinals Pietro Accolti, Benedetto Accolti the Younger, Francesco Barberini, Francesco Martelli and Bandino Panciatici ; Roman Catholic Archbishop Giovanni Battista Rinuccini ; Nobel Laureate in Literature Giosuè Carducci ; Nobel Laureates in Physics Enrico Fermi and Carlo Rubbia ; anatomist Atto Tigri ; art historian and curator Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev ; author Antonio Tabucchi ; civil engineer Henry Willey Reveley ; computer scientist Roberto Di Cosmo ; diplomats Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo and Marcello Spatafora ; director and screenwriter Mario Monicelli ; economist Luigi Bodio ; egyptologist Ippolito Rosellini ; electron microscopist Clara Franzini-Armstrong ; geneticist Guido Pontecorvo ; historians Camillo Porzio and Carlo Ginzburg ; intellectual Adriano Sofri ; international civil servant Francesco Cappè ; journalists Lando Ferretti and Tiziano Terzani ; jurists Piero Calamandrei, Francesco Carrara and Antonio Cassese ; linguists Stefano Arduini and Luigi Rizzi ; manager Pier Francesco Guarguaglini ; mathematicians Bonaventura Cavalieri, Giovanni Ceva, Enrico Betti, Guido Fubini, Vito Volterra and Luigi Fantappiè ; neuroscientist Emilio Bizzi ; philosophers Giovanni Gentile and Anna Camaiti Hostert ; physicians Francesco Redi, Vincenzo Chiarugi and François Carlo Antommarchi ; physicists Adolfo Bartoli, Luigi Puccianti, Antonio Pacinotti, Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti, Franco Rasetti and Luca Gammaitoni ; playwright and librettist Giacinto Andrea Cicognini ; racing car and engine designer Carlo Chiti ; surgeon Andrea Vaccá Berlinghieri ; tenor Andrea Bocelli ; writer Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi.

René Grousset ( September 5, 1885 – September 12, 1952 ) was a French historian, curator of both the Cernuschi and Guimet Museums in Paris, and a member of the prestigious Académie française.

He finished 3 ’ 30 ” ahead of Albert Lemaître ( Peugeot ), followed by Doriot ( Peugeot ) at 16 ’ 30 ”, René Panhard ( Panhard ) at 33 ’ 30 ’’ and Émile Levassor ( Panhard ) at 55 ’ 30 ”.

John Calvin at 53 years old in an engraving by René Boyvin

While taking a morning walk on the estate of the marquis René Louis de Girardin at Ermenonville ( 28 miles northeast of Paris ), Rousseau suffered a hemorrhage and died, aged 66.

He found the works of modern philosophers, such as René Descartes, more interesting than the classical material taught at the university.

In 1449 King René d ' Anjou gave to Angers Cathedral the amphora from Cana in which Jesus changed water to wine, acquiring it from the nuns of Marseilles, who told him that Mary Magdalene had brought it with her from Judea, relating to the legend where she was the jilted bride at the wedding following John the Evangelist received his calling from Jesus.

He had been a descendant of the Israelite tribe of Issachar ; he had been educated by his grandfathers, who had both been physicians to the court of Good King René of Provence ; he had attended Montpellier University in 1525 to gain his first degree: after returning there in 1529 he had successfully taken his medical doctorate ; he had gone on to lecture in the Medical Faculty there until his views became too unpopular ; he had supported the heliocentric view of the universe ; he had travelled to the north-east of France, where he had composed prophecies at the abbey of Orval ; in the course of his travels he had performed a variety of prodigies, including identifying a future Pope ; he had successfully cured the Plague at Aix-en-Provence and elsewhere ; he had engaged in scrying using either a magic mirror or a bowl of water ; he had been joined by his secretary Chavigny at Easter 1554 ; having published the first installment of his Propheties, he had been summoned by Queen Catherine de ' Medici to Paris in 1556 to discuss with her his prophecy at quatrain I. 35 that her husband King Henri II would be killed in a duel ; he had examined the royal children at Blois ; he had bequeathed to his son a ' lost book ' of his own prophetic paintings ; he had been buried standing up ; and he had been found, when dug up at the French Revolution, to be wearing a medallion bearing the exact date of his disinterment.

René Descartes at work

* Original texts of René Descartes in French at La Philosophie

Rilke changed his first name from " René " to " Rainer " at Lou's urging because she thought that name more masculine, forceful, and Germanic.

Round Tables were popular in various European countries through the rest of the Middle Ages and were at times very elaborate ; René of Anjou even erected an Arthurian castle for his 1446 Round Table.

The stethoscope was invented in France in 1816 by René Laennec at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris.

** René Descartes, at age 20, graduates in civil and canon law at the University of Poitiers, where he becomes disillusioned with books, preferring to seek truths from " le grand livre du monde.

These comprise some of the puzzles that have confronted epistemologists and philosophers of mind from at least the time of René Descartes.

He followed that up some years later by declaring that the Iberian Peninsula rotated precisely at Perpignan station 132 million years ago – an event the artist invoked in his 1983 painting Topological Abduction of Europe – Homage to René Thom.

Unlike his predecessors, who had rarely stayed long in Anjou, René from 1443 onwards paid long visits to it, and his court at Angers became one of the most brilliant in the kingdom of France.

Christiaan Huygens was born in April 1629 at The Hague, the second son of Constantijn Huygens, ( 1596 – 1687 ), friend of mathematician, philosopher and minor physicist René Descartes, and of Suzanna van Baerle ( deceased 1637 ), whom Constantijn had married on 6 April 1627.

Due to overwhelming ticket demand the three reunion-concerts expanded up to a whole tour consisting of eight warm-up shows in both the Netherlands and Belgium, and a 16-night stint at the Ahoy interrupted for a one-off at the Antwerp Sports Palace ; the same crew of extra musicians on Klaar joined them on stage, only René was not invited.

Alternatives to traditional editing were also the folly of early surrealist and dada filmmakers such as Luis Buñuel ( director of the 1929 Un Chien Andalou ) and René Clair ( director of 1924's Entr ' acte which starred famous dada artists Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray ).

Pablo Picasso painted his famous " Guernica " painting to commemorate the horrors of the bombing and René Iché made a violent sculpture the day after the bombing.

The University of Poitiers was established in 1431 and welcomed many famous thinkers ( François Rabelais ; René Descartes ; Francis Bacon ).

According to historian René Rémond's famous classification of the right-wings in France, this libérale tradition belongs to the Orleanist inheritance, while Gaullists inherited from Bonapartism and a tradition of state intervention issued from the National Council of Resistance ( CNR )' s welfare state program after the war.

Disappointed with Pedro as the image that the outside world had of Chile, cartoonist René Ríos Boettiger ( Pepo ) started one of the most famous Latin American comic magazines: Condorito.

Their success was built on the foundations laid down by other famous players like Coen Dillen, Willy van der Kuijlen, Jan van Beveren, Jan Poortvliet, and the Van de Kerkhof brothers, Willy and René.

Two of the most famous works formerly attributed to René are the triptych of the Burning Bush of Nicolas Froment of Avignon, in the cathedral of Aix, showing portraits of René and his second wife, Jeanne de Laval, and an illuminated Book of Hours in the Bibliothèque nationale, Paris.

* The René Magritte museum was set up in the house where the famous painter lived and worked for twenty-four years.

It was the birthplace of René Magritte, the famous Surrealist painter.

It was the first to publish works by a number of struggling authors who later became famous, including James Joyce, Kay Boyle, Ernest Hemingway, Hart Crane, D. H. Lawrence, René Crevel, T. S. Eliot, and Ezra Pound.

The western approach to the self has various proponents, none more famous than perhaps René Descartes in his famous “ Meditations on first philosophy ” where the cogito ; I think therefore I am was drawn as a necessary conclusion.

The producer for the series was René Navarre, a former actor who had become famous playing the anti-hero Fantomas in a series of films in 1913 and 1914.

The Belgian surrealist artist René Magritte illustrated the concept of " perception always intercedes between reality and ourselves " in a number of paintings including a famous work entitled The Treachery of Images, which consists of a drawing of a pipe with the caption, Ceci n ' est pas une pipe (" This is not a pipe ").

From 1791, they also attend courses given at the Botanical Museum of Natural History of Paris where their teachers were the famous Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu and René Louiche Desfontaines.

René Descartes was one of the first and most illustrious students of the school from 1607 to 1615, and introduced the school in his Discourse on Method under the phrase " I was in one of the most famous schools of Europe ".

Of the 4, 000 students who attended it at the time, some were to become famous: Joachim Du Bellay, Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, François Rabelais, René Descartes, Francis Bacon, and Scévole de Sainte Marthe, to name but a few.

Though La Rose came in a Baccarat bottle, Coty's most famous collaboration was with the great ceramist and jeweler René Lalique.

An unidentified artist ( possibly Barthélemy van Eyck ) worked on the famous calendar miniatures in the 1440s when the book apparently was in the possession of René d ' Anjou, and in 1485 Jean Colombe finished the work for the House of Savoy.

A large bronze statue of Bichat, work of the famous sculptor David D ' Angers, was erected in 1857 in the main courtyard (“ Cour d ’ honneur ”) of the “ René Descartes University ” in 12, rue de l ' Ecole de Médecine, Paris, thanks to the support of the members of the Medical Congress of France, which took place in 1845.

However, one famous application of the indiscernibility of identicals was by René Descartes in his Meditations on First Philosophy.

For one of the most famous aspects of René Guénon's work is the irreducible difference he describes between the East and the West.

A famous instance of this took place at René Lévesque's concession speech after the citizens of the province rejected independence in the 1980 Quebec referendum.

René Arthur Gagnon ( March 7, 1925 – October 12, 1979 ) was one of the U. S. Marines immortalized by Joe Rosenthal's famous World War II photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima.