Researchers at Bell developed radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, information theory, the UNIX operating system, the C programming language and the C ++ programming language.

Researchers in molecular and evolutionary biology no longer question this theory, although some of the details, such as the mechanisms for loss of genes from organelles to host nuclear genomes, are still being worked out.

Researchers in experimental finance can study to what extent existing financial economics theory makes valid predictions, and attempt to discover new principles on which such theory can be extended.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric, philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, feminist theory, and information theory.

Researchers continue to search for a unified consensus on what methodology might have the power and refinement to connect a proposed " grand theory " with the various midrange theories which, with considerable success, continue to provide usable frameworks for massive, growing data banks ; for more, see consilience.

Another theory for the decline might be, as research shows, that species from the Southern Hemisphere are on average 4. 6 million years old, compared to an average 2. 9 million years old for the Northern Hemisphere: Researchers believe this age difference is because of the history of severe Ice Ages in the Northern Hemisphere, which may drive older species to extinction.

Researchers continue to study this theory, particularly using computer simulation of crowd behaviour, and the applicability of models to reproduce crash-like phenomena.

Researchers challenged Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the higher-order ( self-esteem and self-actualization ) and lower-order ( physiological, safety, and love ) classification of the needs, in particular and explored the levels of needs for importance and satisfaction during peacetime and wartime across cultures during and after the first Persian Gulf War.

Researchers eventually began to notice that TN exhibited signs of blindsight and in 2008 decided to test their theory.

Researchers suggest that the study of employees ’ reactions to PA is important because of two main reasons: employee reactions symbolizes a criterion of interest to practitioners of PAs and employee reactions have been associated through theory to determinants of appraisal acceptance and success.

Researchers have been considered the just-world belief theory to explore a posited decline in anti-bullying attitudes.

Researchers who study the relationship between autism and theory of mind attempt to explain the connection in a variety of ways.

Researchers disagree about whether memories fade as a function of the mere passage of time ( as in decay theory ) or as a function of interfering succeeding events ( as in interference theory ).

Researchers interested in optimal experiences and emphasizing positive experiences, especially in places such as schools and the business world, also began studying the theory of flow at this time.

Researchers have used both methods to determine which areas of the brain are active with different stimuli, and results have supported the dual-coding theory.

Researchers on alleged altruist behaviours among animals have been ideologically opposed to the social Darwinist concept of the " survival of the fittest ", under the name of " survival of the nicest " — the latter being globally compatible, however, with the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Researchers examining the social effects of the media have used social comparison theory have found that in most cases women tend to engage in upward social comparisons with a target other, which results in more negative feelings about the self.

Researchers at NICTA and its spinout Open Kernel Labs have recently performed such a formal verification of seL4, a member of the L4 microkernel family, proving functional correctness of the C implementation of the kernel.

Researchers in the field of positive psychology have defined wisdom as the coordination of " knowledge and experience " and " its deliberate use to improve well being.

Researchers believe that this condition may play a role in the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes ( or perhaps its side-effects ) and in hypertension.

Researchers spent more than three months during the 2007-08 field season installing an array of seismometers around Mount Erebus to listen to waves of energy generated by small, controlled blasts from explosives they buried along its flanks and perimeter.

Researchers into municipal naming practices have concluded that the stem ' gran ', found in a series of names nationwide, cannot have its source in the environmental connection to spruce timber.

Researchers were unable to determine activity at Seahenge in the centuries after it was built, and its purpose is consequently unknown.

Researchers have also criticized Florida's work for its methodology.

Researchers theorize that surface basking behaviour, in which a sunfish swims on its side, presenting its largest profile to the sun, may be a method of " thermally recharging " following dives into deeper, colder water.

Researchers believe however, that town roots go back to the 13th century, when it already had its first church.

" Byrne made an expanded defense of the passer rating and its importance for the Pro Football Researchers Association in 2012.

Researchers are working to show how description, through its use of varied word choice, synonyms, metaphor and simile, not only benefits children who are blind and others who have learning disabilities but can also boost literacy for all children.

Researchers within the Institute carry out internationally recognised research within several key thematic areas from across its four academic schools.

Researchers at Harvard University, the United States Geological Survey ( USGS ), and several other institutions attempted unsuccessfully to synthesize coffinite in the mid-1950s after its initial discovery.

Researchers are now investigating the use of Listeria as a cancer vaccine, taking advantage of its " ability to induce potent innate and adaptive immunity.

Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center wrote that essiac " has not been shown to treat or prevent cancer " and that its use should be avoided.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have used Guitar Hero III and its controller to help amputee patients, and to develop new prosthetic limbs for these patients.

Researchers report that the lotus has the remarkable ability to regulate the temperature of its flowers to within a narrow range just as humans and other warmblooded animals do.

Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have identified Emerson as the 97th largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States, down from its previous rank of 56th.

Researchers Chris Hughes, Kate Erickson, André Marek and David Stern fly to ITC and meet Robert Doniger, its founder, who tells them Johnston has used their quantum technology to travel to Dordogne in the year 1357, but has not returned as expected.

Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley ( especially Daniel McFadden, who won a " Nobel " Prize in Economics for his efforts ) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( Moshe Ben-Akiva ) ( and in MIT associated consulting firms, especially Cambridge Systematics ) developed what has become known as choice models, direct demand models ( DDM ), Random Utility Models ( RUM ) or, in its most used form, the multinomial logit model ( MNL ).

Researchers say its repertoire of 38 distinct sounds is unusually sophisticated, conforming to grammatical rules and able to express curiosity, fear, dismay, playfulness, warnings, joy, and calls to young.

Researchers of the National Museum in Bloemfontein have found San ( Bushman ) rock paintings near Ficksburg and Golden Gate Highlands National Park, while Pleistocene deposits ( 100 000 to 10 000 years ago ) confirm its existence at Rose Cottage cave near Ladybrand.

By 2001, The Chronicle of Higher Education noted that " internet studies " was emerging as a discipline in its own right, as suggested by the first undergraduate program in the area, offered at Brandeis University, and noted that " perhaps the most telling sign of the field's momentum " was the popularity of the annual conference created by the then nascent Association of Internet Researchers.

Researchers such as Marvin Minsky would write computer programs in languages such as LISP to attempt to formally characterize the steps that human beings went through, for instance, in making decisions and solving problems, in the hope of better understanding human thought, and also in the hope of creating artificial minds.

Researchers at IBM investigated chord keyboards for both typewriters and computer data entry as early as 1959, with the idea that it might be faster than touch-typing if some chords were used to enter whole words or parts of words.

Researchers have been studying disasters for more than a century, and for more than forty years disaster research.

Researchers are addressing this problem by exploring corrosion-resistant materials for components as well as fuel cell designs that may increase cell life without decreasing performance.

Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York begin to recruit 10 participants for the study in July 2012.

Researchers, including William L. Shirer and Alan Bullock, believe that the NSDAP was responsible for starting the fire.

Researchers, however, determined that this visual examination of the bladder wall after stretching the bladder was not specific for IC / BPS and that the test, itself, can contribute to the development of small glomerulations ( that is, petechial hemorrhages ) often found in IC / BPS.

Researchers have also developed karaoke games for cell phones in order to boost music database training.

Researchers have ( semi-seriously ) performed lossy compression on text by either using a thesaurus to substitute short words for long ones, or generative text techniques, although these sometimes fall into the related category of lossy data conversion.

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have developed a computer model analyzing early toddler conversations to predict the structure of later conversations.

Researchers have shown that mendelevium has a moderately stable dipositive ( II ) oxidation state in addition to the more characteristic ( for actinide elements ) tripositive ( III ) oxidation state, the latter being the more dominantly exhibited state in an aqueous solution ( chromatography being the process used ).

Researchers like Mott and Hubbard realized that this was perhaps appropriate for strongly delocalized s-and p-electrons but for d-electrons, and even more for f-electrons the interaction with electrons ( and atomic displacements ) in the local environment may become stronger than the delocalization that leads to broad bands.

Researchers who believe in the evidence for reincarnation have been unsuccessful in getting the scientific community to consider it a serious possibility.

* European Charter for Researchers

Researchers at Louisiana State University propose the ambush hypothesis, that hidden stops are selected for.

Researchers can contribute their findings for incorporation to the database.

Researchers are also interested in proteins that can fold into more than one stable configuration ; protein aggregation diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington's Disease as well as prion diseases such as Mad Cow disease can be better understood by constructing ( and deconstructing ) disease models ; the most common way of doing this is by developing a way of inducing the desired disease state in test animals ( administering MPTP to give the animals Parkinson's disease, or knocking out a gene essential for the prevention of certain tumors from the animals ' genomes ).

Researchers with the Center for Global Development expect that the IDA's collection of eligible borrowing countries will decrease by half by the year 2025 ( marking the 65th anniversary of the association's establishment ) due to graduations and that remaining borrowers will consist primarily of African countries and will face substantial population declines.