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Rhodamine dyes are used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA.
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Rhodamine and dyes
***: Category: Rhodamine dyes, derivatives of rhodamine
Rhodamine () is a family of related chemical compounds, fluorone dyes.
Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with instruments called fluorometers.
Rhodamine dyes are generally toxic, and are soluble in water, methanol and ethanol.
Rhodamine and are
Most common targets are Chlorophyll, Fluorescein, Rhodamine, Green Fluorescent Protein, and Colorated Dissolved Organic Matter ( CDOM ).
Examples are Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B.
There are many rhodamine derivatives used for imaging purposes, for example Carboxytetramethylrhodamine ( TAMRA ), tetramethylrhodamine ( TMR ) and its isothiocyanate derivative ( TRITC ) and, sulforhodamine 101 ( and its sulfonyl chloride form Texas Red ) and Rhodamine Red.
As an example, raw FCS data and its autocorrelation for freely diffusing Rhodamine 6G are shown in the figure to the right.
Rhodamine and used
Rhodamine is a protein specific fluorescent stain commonly used in fluorescence microscopy.
Rhodamine and .
Output power of 1. 4 kilowatt at 585 nm was achieved using Rhodamine 6G with COT in methanol-water solution.
Rhodamine in water.
Rhodamine 123 seems to bind to the mitochondrion membranes and inhibit transport processes, especially the electron transport chain, thus slowing down inner respiration.
AR stain is a mixture of Auramine O and Rhodamine B.
CW dye laser based on Rhodamine 6G.
Haugland, N. Malekzadeh, S. Arttamangkul, and R. P. Haugland, Texas Red-X and Rhodamine Red-X, New Derivatives of Sulforhodamine 101 and Lissamine Rhodamine B with Improved Labeling and Fluorescence Properties, Bioconj Chem 1996, 7 ( 4 ): 482-9
The intensity fluctuates as Rhodamine 6G moves in and out of the focal volume.
dyes and are
Poirot has dark hair, which he dyes later in life ( though many of his screen incarnations are portrayed as bald or balding ), and green eyes that are repeatedly described as shining " like a cat's " when he is struck by a clever idea.
* Scholastic Acrylics use less expensive pigments as well as dyes in formulations that are safe for younger artists, and economical for classroom use.
As chromium compounds were used in dyes and paints and the tanning of leather, these compounds are often found in soil and groundwater at abandoned industrial sites, now needing environmental cleanup and remediation per the treatment of brownfield land.
A great variety of synthetic dyes have been developed since the synthesis of indigo dye in the mid-19th century ; however, natural dyes are also possible, although they are generally less brilliant.
The majority of natural dyes are from plant sources – roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood, fungi, and lichens.
Acid dyes are water-soluble anionic dyes that are applied to fibers such as silk, wool, nylon and modified acrylic fibers using neutral to acid dye baths.
Acid dyes are not substantive to cellulosic fibers.
Basic dyes are water-soluble cationic dyes that are mainly applied to acrylic fibers, but find some use for wool and silk.
Basic dyes are also used in the coloration of paper.
Direct dyes are used on cotton, paper, leather, wool, silk and nylon.
Most natural dyes are mordant dyes and there is therefore a large literature base describing dyeing techniques.
The most important mordant dyes are the synthetic mordant dyes, or chrome dyes, used for wool ; these comprise some 30 % of dyes used for wool, and are especially useful for black and navy shades.
dyes and used
It is also used as a mordant ( i. e., a fixing agent ) for dyes in fabric.
Although the additives used have made cyanine more stable, it is still the most sensitive of the dyes in UV rays ( showing signs of degradation within a week of direct sunlight exposure ).
Coal tar is also used to manufacture paints, synthetic dyes, and photographic materials.
Some dyes can be precipitated with an inert salt to produce a lake pigment, and based on the salt used they could be aluminum lake, calcium lake or barium lake pigments.
By far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant kingdom, notably roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood, but only a few have ever been used on a commercial scale.
Sulfur dyes are two part " developed " dyes used to dye cotton with dark colors.
Many are azo dyes, although anthraquinone and triphenylmethane compounds are used for colors such as green and blue.
Some naturally-occurring dyes are also used.
Functional groups are also used to covalently link molecules such as fluorescent dyes, nanoparticles, proteins, DNA, and other compounds of interest for a variety of applications such as sensing and basic chemical research.
Other compounds used to color tissue sections include safranin, oil red o, Congo red, fast green FCF, silver salts, and numerous natural and artificial dyes that were usually originated from the development dyes for the textile industry.
Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design.
Pigment inks are used more frequently than dyes because they are more color-fast, but they are also more expensive, less consistent in color, and have less of a color range than dyes.
dyes and extensively
Chromium salts were until recently extensively used in dying wool with synthetic mordant dyes.
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