Drosnin's book is based on the technique described in the paper " Equidistant Letter Sequences in the Book of Genesis " by Professor Eliyahu Rips of the Hebrew University in Israel with Doron Witztum and Yoav Rosenberg.

Contemporary discussion and controversy around one specific encryption method became widespread in 1994 when Doron Witztum, Eliyahu Rips and Yoav Rosenberg published a paper, " Equidistant Letter Sequences in the Book of Genesis ", in the scientific journal Statistical Science.

Since the Witztum, Rips and Rosenberg ( WRR ) paper was published, two conflicting schools of thought regarding the " codes " have emerged among proponents.

Rips then took up the study together with his religious studies partners Doron Witztum and Alexander Rotenberg, and several others.

Witztum and Rips also performed other experiments, most of them successful, though none were published in journals.

In 1999, four authors, the Australian mathematician Brendan McKay, the Israeli mathematicians Dror Bar-Natan and Gil Kalai, and the Israeli psychologist Maya Bar-Hillel ( collectively known as " MBBK ") published a paper in Statistical Science, in which they argue that the case of Witztum, Rips and Rosenberg ( WRR ) is " fatally defective, indeed that their result merely reflects on the choices made in designing their experiment and collecting the data for it.

Gans argues that the conspiracy must include Doron Witztum, Eliyahu Rips, and S. Z. Havlin, because all of them say that Havlin compiled the appellations independently.

For that reason, most of the serious effort of the skeptics has been focused on the scientific claims of Witztum, Rips and Gans.

In 1994, Rips, together with Doron Witztum and Yoav Rosenberg, published a seminal article in the journal Statistical Science, " Equidistant Letter Sequences in the Book of Genesis ", which claimed the discovery of encoded messages in the Hebrew text of Genesis.

In the late seventies, Rips began looking with the help of a computer for codes in the Torah.

The semantic feature-comparison model, proposed by Smith, Shoben, and Rips ( 1974 ), describes memory as being composed of feature lists for different concepts.

Eliyahu Rips, also Ilya Rips (; ; born 12 December 1948 ) is a Latvian-born Israeli mathematician known for his research in geometric group theory.

The Rips machine, in the hands of Rips and his student Zlil Sela, has proven to be effective in obtaining classification results such as a solution to the isomorphism problem for hyperbolic groups.

Bomazeen ( or Bomaseen ), the sachem who with Sebastien de Villieu led 250 Abenakis to Durham, New Hampshire on July 18, 1694 for the Oyster River Massacre, was shot fording the Kennebec at a place thereafter called Bomazeen Rips.

Proposed by Eliyahu Rips, it was said that words and short phrases were hidden in the Hebrew Bible as skip-letter sequences ( every 30th letter, for example ).

The mathematical probability for several coded words which are related to occur within the same area of the Bible was calculated by Rips to be enormously greater than chance, though mathematicians with formal training in statistical analysis place this figure at 1: 2.

Code pioneers Haralick and Rips have published an example of a longer, extended ELS, which reads, " Destruction I will call you ; cursed is Bin Laden and revenge is to the Messiah.

It later burned, giving Burnt Mill Rips its name.

Bakel, De Mortel, De Rips, Elsendorp, Gemert, Handel, Milheeze.

In 1955, Irving Rips of Younger Optics created the first seamless or " invisible " bifocal, a precursor to all progressive lenses.

Nevertheless, the practice remained known only to a few until the early 1980s, when some discoveries of an Israeli school teacher Avraham Oren came to the attention of the mathematician Eliyahu Rips at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

When Rips et al.

Rips issued a public statement that he did not support Drosnin's work or conclusions ; even Gans has said that although the book states that the codes in the Torah can be used to predict future events: This is absolutely unfounded.

Similarly, the authors quote a 1985 lecture by Eliyahu Rips, in which he describes the appellation selection process as taking " every possible variant that we considered reasonable ", and makes no mention of Havlin or an independent expert.

* The Bible Code, transcript of a story which aired on BBC Two, Thursday 20 November 2003, featuring comments by Drosnin, Rips, and McKay.

There is a theory of group actions on R-trees, known as the Rips machine, which is part of geometric group theory.

Petro-Canada was backronymed to " Pierre Elliott Trudeau Rips Off Canada " by opponents of the National Energy Program, and the Petro-Canada Centre in Calgary became known as " Red Square.

Such computational feature-comparison models include the ones proposed by Meyer ( 1970 ), Rips ( 1975 ), Smith, et al.

" Wanda Sykes Rips Into Rush Limbaugh " The Advocate.

* Witztum, E .; Kalian, M. " The Quest for redemption: Reality and Fantasy in the Mission to Jerusalem ".

Witztum also claimed that, upon interviewing a key independent expert contracted by McKay for the MBBK paper, that some experiments performed for MBBK had validated, rather than refuted the original WRR findings, and questioned why MBBK had expunged these results from their paper.

However, this claim has been disputed by M. Kalian and E. Witztum.

However Kalian and Witztum have objected, saying that Bar-El et al.

Kalian and Witztum note that as a proportion of the total numbers of tourists visiting the city, this is not significantly different from any other city.

* Kalian, M .; Catinari, S .; Heresco-Levi, U .; Witztum, E. " Spiritual Starvation in a holy space – a form of Jerusalem Syndrome ", Mental Health, Religion & Culture 11 ( 2 ): 161-172, 2008.

* Kalian, M .; Witztum, E.

* Kalian, M .; Witztum.

* Witztum E., Kalian M., " Overwhelmed by spirituality in Jerusalem " in '" Emotion in Motion "-Tourism, Affect and Transformation.

After a series of exchanges with McKay and Bar-Hillel, WRR author Witztum responded in a new paper claiming that McKay had used smoke screen tactics in creating several straw man arguments, and thereby avoided the points made by WRR authors refuting MBBK.

The Analytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician Charles Babbage.

So they decided to designed a TRS-80 and CP / M software compatible computer system, which ( following the lead of Apple Computer ) they decided to name after a " typical Dutch flower ".

* ABC, a line of computer models designed by Dataindustrier AB of Sweden

It was designed to compete in the mid-1980s home computer market dominated by the Commodore 64 and the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, where it successfully established itself primarily in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and the German-speaking parts of Europe.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) is, according to the ATM Forum, " a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU ( formerly CCITT ) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals ," and is designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks.

To address the concerns of parents that home computers were a better investment than consoles, the system was designed to be upgraded to a full-fledged home computer.

Computational fluid dynamics was started as an effort to solve for flow properties around complex objects and has rapidly grown to the point where entire aircraft can be designed using a computer, with wind-tunnel tests followed by flight tests to confirm the computer predictions.

The original Dartmouth BASIC was designed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, USA to provide computer access to non-science students.

BCPL ( Basic Combined Programming Language ) is a procedural, imperative, and structured computer programming language designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966.

* Several computer operating systems have various methods of running software originally designed for older versions or other OSs:

It is specifically designed to work with each particular model of computer, interfacing with various devices that make up the complementary chipset of the system.

Early computer installations were designed only to support a single writing system, typically for left-to-right scripts based on the Latin alphabet only.

Application software, also known as an " application " or an " app ", is computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks.

System software is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware, to provide basic functionality, and to provide a platform for running application software.

Ada Lovelace created the first algorithm designed for processing by a computer and is usually recognized as history's first computer programmer.

** Console applications are programs designed to be used via a text-only computer interface

The world's first computer to play music was CSIRAC which was designed and built by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard.

The world's first digital computer music was generated in Australia by programmer Geoff Hill on the CSIRAC computer which was designed and built by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard, although it was only used to play standard tunes of the day.

Thanks to a well-designed set of chips designed by MOS Technology, the Commodore 64, ( also referred to as C64 ), possessed remarkable sound and graphics for its time and is often credited with starting the computer demo scene.

The PDP-11 16-bit computer was designed in a crash program by Harold McFarland, Gordon Bell, Roger Cady, and others.

The Mouse_ ( computing )# Early_mice | first prototype of a computer mouse, as designed by William English ( computer engineer ) | Bill English from Engelbart's sketches.