On 7 June Robespierre, who had previously condemned the Cult of Reason, advocated a new state religion and recommended the Convention acknowledge the existence of the " Supreme Being ".

The new government was predominantly made up of Girondists who had survived the Terror, and after taking power, they took revenge as well by persecuting even those Jacobins who had helped to overthrow Robespierre, banning the Jacobin Club, and executing many of its former members in what was known as the White Terror.

In 1794, Robespierre had ultra-radicals and moderate Jacobins executed.

The new government was predominantly made up of Girondists who had survived the Terror and, after taking power, they took revenge as well by banning the Jacobin Club and executing many of its former members – including Robespierre – in what was known as the White Terror.

Maximilien Robespierre had others executed via his role on the Revolutionary Tribunal and the Committee of Public Safety

On 7 June Robespierre, who favoured deism over Hébert's atheism and had previously condemned the Cult of Reason, recommended that the Convention acknowledge the existence of God.

At this point the revolution in Paris had entered the stage of the Reign of Terror introduced by the Committee of Public Safety under the rule of Maximilien Robespierre.

Eventually, the National Convention had enough of the Terror, partially fearing for their own lives, and turned against Maximilien Robespierre.

The execution of Maximilien Robespierre on 28 July 1794 had ended the Reign of Terror and begun the White Terror, and Babeuf-now self-styled Gracchus Babeuf-defended the fallen Terror politicians with the stated goal of achieving equality " in fact " and not only " by proclamation ," though of the Terror he declared, " I object to this particular aspect of their system.

Under Robespierre ’ s leadership, members of various revolutionary factions and groups were executed including the Hébertists and the Dantonists, many of whom had been Robespierre ’ s personal friends.

After Barère found out Robespierre had condemned him as a terrorist, Barère pointed his finger at Robespierre to have him executed.

The elimination of the Hébertists and the Dantonists, in the opinion of historian François Furet, " had definitively closed the book on a collegial executive: Robespierre was, in fact, the head of the Republic's government.

Robespierre, generally the spokesman for the successful faction, had great esteem for his reputation as " the sea-green incorruptible ", and set up the slogan of the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins ' last purge, 9 Thermidor, 27 July 1794.

They were all-powerful in the Jacobin Club, where Brissot's influence had not yet been ousted by Robespierre, and they did not hesitate to use this advantage to stir up popular passion and intimidate those who sought to stay the progress of the Revolution.

Robespierre, who hated the Girondists, had proposed to include them in the proscription lists of September 1792 ; The Mountain Club to a man desired their overthrow.

The more radical Jacobins ' rhetoric had behind them the revolutionary Commune, the Sections ( mass assemblies in districts ) and the National Guard of Paris, and they had gained control of the Jacobin club, where Brissot, absorbed in departmental work, had been superseded by Robespierre.

The antagonism caused by such an attitude had reached a significant point when on 10 April Robespierre himself laid his accusation before the Convention.

He was elected in March 1793 to the first Committee of Public Safety ; and he attacked Robespierre, who had accused him of having known and having kept secret Dumouriez's project of treason.

In 1794, Robespierre had evidence of Fabre ’ s criminality and he denounced Fabre for what he viewed as a particular heinous crime, criminality disguised by patriotism.

The Doctor ascertains what has happened to his friends and is about to leave when Lemaitre arrives and insists he accompany him to visit First Deputy Robespierre to report on his province.

The boy's death was seized on as a propaganda opportunity by Robespierre, who praised him at the Convention's tribune saying that " only the French have thirteen-year-old heroes ".

In the Convention, Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier trumped up the conspiracy of Théot, asserting that Catherine was a tool of Pitt, that the mummeries of the Theotists were but a cloak for clerical and reactionary intrigue, and hinting that Robespierre favored their designs.

Although some of these women embraced the political and social amendments of the Revolution, they opposed the dissolution of the Catholic Church and the formation of revolutionary cults like the Cult of the Supreme Being advocated by Robespierre.

Although Robespierre was the principal purveyor of the tribunal, we possess only one of these lists bearing his signature.

* 1794 – Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.

In 1794, after the death of Robespierre, 193 of his followers were sent to French Guiana.

Internally, popular sentiments radicalized the Revolution significantly, culminating in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins and virtual dictatorship by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror from 1793 until 1794 during which between 16, 000 and 40, 000 people were killed.

Eventually, Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety were forced to denounce the campaign, replacing the Cult of Reason with the deist but still non-Christian Cult of the Supreme Being.

" Stating that she was willing to sacrifice herself by jumping into the Seine if Robespierre were to join her, de Gouges desperately attempted to grab the attention of the French citizenry and alert them to the dangers that Robespierre embodied.

Under Robespierre the committee initiated the Reign of Terror, during which up to 40, 000 people were executed in Paris, mainly nobles, and those convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal, often on the flimsiest of evidence.

The cult that grew up around Rousseau after his death, and particularly the radicalized versions of Rousseau's ideas that were adopted by Robespierre and Saint-Just during the Reign of Terror, caused him to become identified with the most extreme aspects of the French Revolution.

The repression accelerated in June and July 1794, a period called " la Grande Terreur " ( the Great Terror ), and ended in the coup of 9 Thermidor Year II ( 27 July 1794 ), leading to the Thermidorian Reaction, in which several protagonists of the Reign of Terror were executed, including Saint-Just and Robespierre.

There were three competing views on which direction France should go, embodied by three political parties: the moderate royalists or Feuillants, republican Girondists, and the more radical Montagnards, led by Maximilien Robespierre.

Also, future revolutionary leader Maximilien de Robespierre and abolitionist Abbé Grégoire were awarded by the National Academy of Metz in 1784 and 1787, respectively, for their essays on capital punishment and in favor of the education of underprivileged people and the religious tolerance.

Many in the National Convention were calling for a return to normalization, but Robespierre disagreed.

After the fall of Robespierre, the Jacobin club was closed and the surviving Girondins were reinstated.

The most famous prisoners ( and victims ) included Queen Marie Antoinette, the poet André Chénier, Charlotte Corday, Madame Élisabeth, Madame du Barry and the Girondins, who were condemned by Georges Danton, who was in turn condemned by Robespierre, who was himself condemned and executed in a final bout of bloodletting.

Other important figures guillotined on the site, often in front of cheering crowds, were Queen Marie Antoinette, Princess Élisabeth of France, Charlotte Corday, Madame du Barry, Georges Danton, Camille Desmoulins, Antoine Lavoisier, Maximilien Robespierre, Louis de Saint-Just and Olympe de Gouge.

The National Convention asked Robespierre to identify others who were terrorists.

From the initiation of this law to the fall of Robespierre on July 27, more people were condemned to death than in the previous history of the Revolutionary Tribunal.

When it became evident, in mid-July 1794, that Robespierre and Saint-Just were planning to strike against their political opponents Joseph Fouché, Jean-Lambert Tallien, and Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier – the latter two were members of the Committee of General Security – the fragile truce within the government was dissolved.

A period of intense civil unrest ensued, during which the members of the Committees of Public Safety and General Security were forced to seek refuge in the Convention ; the Robespierre brothers, Saint-Just, Le Bas, and Couthon ensconced themselves in the Hôtel de Ville, attempting to incite an insurrection.

Saint-Just, Couthon, and Maximilien and Augustin Robespierre were arrested and guillotined on July 28.

In addition to La Tosca, six of his other plays were set against the events of those times: Monsieur Garat ( 1860 ), Les Merveilleuses ( 1873 ), Thermidor ( 1891 ), Madame Sans-Gêne ( 1893 ), Robespierre ( 1899 ), and Pamela ( 1898 ).