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The tribuni militum consulari potestate (" military tribunes with consular authority "), in English commonly also Consular Tribunes, were tribunes elected with consular power during the so-called " Conflict of the Orders " in the Roman Republic, starting in 444 BC and then continuously from 408 BC to 394 BC and again from 391 BC to 367 BC.
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tribuni and militum
Roman military tribunes ( tribuni militum ), senior officers in Roman legions, wore a similar purple band so the reference may be to a family background of military leadership.
The Plebeians named these new officials Plebeian Tribunes ( tribuni plebis ), a name they probably took from the military officers (" Military Tribunes " or tribuni militum ) who led them during their secession.
The senior officers of the army, the legati legionis ( legion commanders ), tribuni militum ( legion staff officers ) and the praefecti ( commanders of auxiliary regiments ) were all of at least equestrian rank.
These are known in Latin as tribuni militum consulari potestate, " Military Tribunes with Consular Authority.
The Greek term Χιλίαρχος is said to be used to translate the Roman tribunus militum ( following Polybius ), and also for the phrase tribuni militares consulari potestate ( Plutarch ).
According to the histories of Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the magistracy of the tribuni militum consulari potestate was created during the Conflict of the Orders, along with the magistracy of the censor, in order to give the Plebeian order access to higher levels of government without having to reform the office of consul ; plebeians could be elected to the office of Consular Tribune.
tribuni and consulari
These individuals, the so-called Consular Tribunes (" Military Tribunes with Consular powers " or tribuni militares consulari potestate ) were elected by the Century Assembly ( the assembly of soldiers ), and the senate had the power to veto any such election.
tribuni and military
As a boy, Aëtius was at the service of the imperial court, enrolled in the military unit of the tribuni praetoriani partis militaris.
tribuni and tribunes
The plebeians named these new officials plebeian tribunes ( tribuni plebis ), and gave them two assistants, the plebeian aediles ( aediles plebi ).
Originally the 12th-century Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo, who represented the " tribuni della plebe " ( the " tribunes of the people "), in 1514 the palace gave way to Cardinal Passerini, who rebuilt it in Renaissance taste c. 1521 ‑ 27, and left it, as Palazzo Passerini, to his heirs ( who donated it in 1964 to provide a section of the University of Pisa ).
Only eight officers in a fully officered legion outranked the Primus Pilus: The legate ( legatus legionis ), commanding the legion ; the senior tribune ( tribunus laticlavus ), second-in-command of the legion ; the Camp Prefect ( praefectus castrorum ); and the five other tribunes ( tribuni angusticlavii ) who apparently served as senior staff officers to the legate with a rank roughly equivalent to a modern colonel.
The other five tribunes were slightly lower in rank, and were called the tribuni angusticlavii.
tribuni and with
Ranking within the legion was based on length of service, with the senior Centurion commanding the first century of the first cohort ; he was called the primus pilus ( First File ), and reported directly to the superior officers ( legates and tribuni ).
According to Madvig, the original tribuni aerarii were not officials at all, but private individuals of considerable means, quite distinct from the curatores tribuum, who undertook certain financial work connected with their own tribes.
The fasti state a list of kings followed by the republican consuls for each year, with the magistri equitum and the tribuni militares for years in which these magistrates were eponymous instead of consuls ; that is, once the practice of naming the year after the heads of state began, there had to be a head of state whether king, dictator, consul, master or tribune, regardless of what body held the power.
tribuni and were
While praetor in 70 BC, he brought in a law for the reform of the jury lists, by which the judices were to be selected, not from the senators exclusively as limited by Sulla, but from senators, equites and tribuni aerarii.
One-third were to be senators, and two-thirds men of equestrian census, one-half of whom must have been tribuni aerarii, a body as to whose functions there is no certain evidence, although in Cicero's time they were reckoned by courtesy amongst the equites.
tribuni and elected
* Gaius Licinius, one of the first tribuni plebis elected, in 493 BC.
* Gaius Licinius C. f. P. n. Calvus, surnamed Stolo, one of the two tribuni plebis who brought forward the lex Licinia Sextia, and whom accordingly was elected consul in 364 and 361 BC.
tribuni and BC
In 59 BC Calenus was praetor, and brought forward a law that the senators, knights, and tribuni aerarii, who composed the judices, should vote separately, so that it might be known how they gave their votes ( Cassius Dio xxxviii.
* Publius Licinius, one of the first tribuni plebis in 493 BC.
By the lex Aurelia ( 70 BC ) the list of judices was composed, in addition to senators and equites, of tribuni aerarii.
tribuni and from
The tribuni maiores, the earliest central standing governing committee of the islands in the Lagoon, dated from c. 568.
tribuni and .
Though generally quite young and less experienced than the tribuni angusticlavii, he served as second in command of the legion, behind the legate.
The conspirators had the support of two tribuni fabricarum ( officers of the weapons factories ) who had promised the weapons for an uprising ( Ammianus Marcellinus, 14. 7. 18 ), and probably of the troops in Mesopotamia, as well as of the rector of the province of Phoenice.
The tribuni aerarii have been the subject of much discussion.
Then, as in the case of the equites, the term was subsequently extended to include all those who possessed the property qualification that would have entitled them to serve as tribuni aerarii.
militum and consulari
n. Crassus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 424 BC, said by Livius to have been violently opposed to the plebeians and their tribunes.
n. Crassus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 403 BC, during the siege of Veii.
n. Camerinus Cornutus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 402 and 398 BC.
n. Camerinus, consul suffectus in 393 BC, and tribunus militum consulari potestate in 391.
* Gaius Sulpicius Camerinus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 382, and censor in 380 BC, resigned his office upon the death of his colleague.
f. Camerinus Praetextatus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 434 BC.
* Servius Sulpicius Praetextatus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 377, 376, 370, and 368 BC, sometimes confused with his kinsman, Servius Sulpicius Rufus.
* Quintus Sulpicius Longus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 390 BC, negotiated with Brennus, and persuaded him to leave Rome.
* Servius Sulpicius Rufus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 388, 384, and 383 BC.
* Lucius Furius S. f. Medullinus Fusus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 432, 425, and 420 BC.
* Lucius Furius L. f. S. n. Medullinus, consul in 413 and 409 BC, and tribunus militum consulari potestate in 407, 405, 398, 397, 395, 394, and 391 BC.
* Spurius Furius L. f. S. n. Medullinus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 400 BC.
* Lucius Furius S. f. L. n. Medullinus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 381 and 370 BC, and censor in 363 BC.
* Spurius Furius S. f. L. n. Medullinus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 378 BC, commanded in the war with the Volsci of Antium.
* Marcus Furius Fusus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 403 BC.
f. Fusus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 391 BC.
* Gaius Furius Pacilus Fusus, consul in 441 BC, and tribunus militum consulari potestate in 426 BC.
* Marcus Furius L. f. S. n. Camillus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 401, 398, 394, 386, 384, and 381 BC, dictator in 396, 390, 389, 368, and 367 BC.
* Lucius Atilius L. f. L. n. Priscus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 399 and 396 BC.
f. C. n. Iulus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 438, and consul in 430 BC.
* Sextus Julius Iulus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 424 BC.
n. Iulus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 408 and 405 BC.
* Lucius Julius Iulus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 403 BC, continued the siege against Veii.
n. Iulus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 401 and 397 BC.
* Lucius Julius Iulus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 388 and 379 BC.
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