Help


[permalink] [id link]
+
Page "Boolean satisfiability problem" ¶ 14
from Wikipedia
Edit
Promote Demote Fragment Fix

Some Related Sentences

SAT and is
Barrett, The Honors College is ranked 1st in the nation among peer institutions ( 1300-1400 minimum SAT ) and 5th in Overall Excellence among all universities.
In computer science, satisfiability ( often written in all capitals or abbreviated SAT ) is the problem of determining if the variables of a given Boolean formula can be assigned in such a way as to make the formula evaluate to TRUE.
That briefly means that there is no known algorithm that efficiently solves all instances of SAT, and it is generally believed ( but not proven, see P versus NP problem ) that no such algorithm can exist.
Extending the capabilities of SAT solving algorithms is an ongoing area of progress.
In complexity theory, the satisfiability problem ( SAT ) is a decision problem, whose instance is a Boolean expression written using only AND, OR, NOT, variables, and parentheses.
SAT is also easier if the number of literals in a clause is limited to 2, in which case the problem is called 2SAT.
One of the most important restrictions of SAT is HORNSAT, where the formula is a conjunction of Horn clauses.
3-satisfiability is a special case of k-satisfiability ( k-SAT ) or simply satisfiability ( SAT ), when each clause contains exactly k = 3 literals.
Ordinary SAT asks if there is at least one such assignment.
The problem of how many variable assignments satisfy a formula, not a decision problem, is in # P. UNIQUE-SAT or USAT or Unambiguous SAT is the problem of determining whether a formula known to have either zero or one satisfying assignments has zero or has one.
An algorithm which correctly answers if an instance of SAT is solvable can be used to find a satisfying assignment.
An example for look-ahead solvers is march_dl, which won a prize at the 2007 SAT competition.
Demonstrated ability in reading, mathematics, and writing, as typically measured in the United States by the SAT or similar tests such as the ACT, have often replaced colleges individual entrance exams, and is often required for admission to higher education.
For example, P < sup > SAT </ sup > is the class of problems solvable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine with an oracle for the Boolean satisfiability problem.
In particular, since SAT is NP-complete with respect to polynomial time reductions, P < sup > SAT </ sup >= P < sup > NP </ sup >.

SAT and easier
The ACT is generally regarded as being composed of somewhat easier questions ( versus the SAT ), but the time allotted to complete each section increases the overall difficulty ( equalizing it to the SAT ).
In other subjects, such as the sciences like Chemistry, Physics, the syllabi covered in HKCEE are similar to that of the SAT Subject Tests sat in Grade 12, but it is arguably easier to obtain a score of 760 on the SAT Subject Tests than to obtain a grade of A in the HKCEE examination despite the fact that Grade 12 is theoretically equivalent to Form 6 under the Hong Kong school system.

SAT and if
For example, if a graph has 17 valid 3-colorings, the SAT formula produced by the reduction will have 17 satisfying assignments.
Therefore, almost all SAT solvers include time-outs, so they will terminate even if they cannot find a solution.
However, if A = DLOGTIME, then A < sup > SAT </ sup > may not equal A < sup > NP </ sup >.
Also students from other countries, who hold a high school leaving certificate that is not counted as the Abitur ( such as the American high school diploma ) who did well on the ACT or SAT, may enter college even if they do not hold the Abitur.
High school students starting at MSU may join the Honors College if they are in the top 5 % of their high school graduating class and have either an ACT score of at least 30 or an SAT total score of at least 1360.
As a result of this policy, in the same The Washington Post article, Dr. Myers stated that she was informed by the U. S. News & World Report that if no SAT scores were submitted, U. S. News would " make up a number " to use in its magazines.
The SAT Reasoning Test costs $ 50 ($ 77 if late ), the AP Tests cost US $ 92 ( for the May 2012 administration ), and the SAT Subject Tests cost a baseline of $ 22 with additional tests costing $ 11.
He also spoke out against the standardized tests which are required of Israeli university applicants ( roughly equivalent to the SAT exams ), claiming that if he had been required to pass these exams, he would not have been accepted to Law school.
Murray advocates replacing the traditional SAT with the College Board's subject achievement tests, " The surprising empirical reality is that the SAT is redundant if students are required to take achievement tests.
* Conjunctive Normal Form Satisfiability: SAT solvers returns an assignment to the variables of a propositional formula that satisfies it if such an assignment exists.
Thus, “ institutional need-based awards are less sensitive to need and more sensitive to ‘ academic merit ’ than the principles of needs analysis would lead us to expect .” It has been found that increasing an SAT score in the range of 100-200 points can result in hundreds of dollars more in institutional grants and on average substantially more if one is attending a private institution.
The film focuses on a group of six high school students whose futures will be jeopardized if they fail the upcoming SAT exam.
Stanley decided to test him using the SAT and found that it was a much more effective and reliable way to test for both advanced math and verbal skills and reasoned that such a method could be used to identify more of these high ability students, especially if a systematic approach was taken.

SAT and formulas
* SATISFIABILITY: the boolean satisfiability problem for formulas in conjunctive normal form ( often referred to as SAT )
Another application which often involves DPLL is automated theorem proving or Satisfiability Modulo Theories ( SMT ) which is a SAT problem in which propositional variables are replaced with formulas of another mathematical theory.

SAT and are
Although there are no set minimum admissions criteria for Barrett College, the average GPA of incoming freshmen was 3. 84, with average SAT scores of 1314 / 1600 and ACT scores of 29.
Provided that the complexity classes P and NP are not equal, none of these restrictions are NP-complete, unlike SAT.
Many practical problems are actually " easy ", so the SAT solver can easily find a solution, or prove that none exists, relatively quickly, even though the instance has thousands of variables and tens of thousands of constraints.
There are two classes of high-performance algorithms for solving instances of SAT in practice: the conflict-driven clause learning algorithm, which can be viewed as a modern variant of the DPLL algorithm ( well known implementation include Chaff, GRASP ) and stochastic local search algorithms, such as WalkSAT.
Modern SAT solvers are also having significant impact on the fields of software verification, constraint solving in artificial intelligence, and operations research, among others.
0 ( however, there are three cable television companies, Dominica Broadcast, Marpin Telecoms and SAT Telecommunications Ltd. ) ( 2004 )
The middle 50 % of entering SAT scores are 740 – 800 ( out of 800 ) in mathematics, 690 – 760 in critical reading, and 680 – 760 in writing.
There is no set passing level for college entry tests like the SAT, and such tests are often not required by the lowest-rated colleges.
SAT files are ASCII text files that may be viewed with a simple text editor.
To summarize how release numbers and SAT changes are related:
* Minor release: No SAT file changes are made ; may provide new functionality ; may require some minimal changes to existing applications
The mean SAT scores at Wilton High School are 584 verbal and 598 math.
The following are many of the college-readiness indicators that are used: graduation rates, college acceptance rates, the number of International Baccalaureate ( IB ) and Advanced Placement ( AP ) tests taken per student, the average score on IB and AP tests ; student achievement levels ; SAT scores ; and State assessments.
The College Board states that the SAT measures literacy and writing skills that are needed for academic success in college.
" Homer reads aloud another headline: " SAT scores are declining at a slower rate.
Examples demonstrating the above are often provided with tutorials of ASP, boolean SAT and SMT solvers.
Schools with average SAT scores above 1300 or average ACT scores above 27 are excluded from the list ; these are categorized instead as " Public Elite " High Schools.
Generalized tests such as the SAT or GRE are more often used as one measure among several, when making admissions decisions.
Its admissions are difficult ; for 2009's entering class, the 25th / 75th percentiles for the SAT were 1030 and 1240 / 1600, and its 25th / 75th percentiles on the ACT were 23 and 27 / 36.

0.419 seconds.