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Samkhya philosophy, which is sometimes seen as the basis of Yogic thought, adopts a view that matter exists independently of individual minds.
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Samkhya and philosophy
* Kapila ( c. 500 BCE ), proponent of the Samkhya system of philosophy
In Samkhya and Yoga schools of Indian philosophy, " there are two irreducible, innate and independent realities 1 ) consciousness itself ( Purusha ) 2 ) primordial materiality ( Prakriti )".
* Tattva, the basis of the universe according to Hindu Samkhya philosophy
According to the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, Akasha is one of the five Mahābhūtas ( grand physical elements ) having the specific property of sound.
After the development of distinct schools of Indian philosophy, Advaita Vedanta and Samkhya schools are thought to have originated concepts similar to solipsism.
# Kapila 1. 3. 10 – a sage and one of the founders of the Samkhya school of philosophy
In Samkhya and yogic philosophy both the mind and the ego are forms in the realm of nature ( prakriti ) that have emerged into materiality as a function of the three gunas through a misapprehension of purusha ( the consciousness-essence of the jivatman ).
In Samkhya, a school of Hindu philosophy, Purusha is pure consciousness.
Samkhya, also Sankhya, Sāṃkhya, or Sāṅkhya (, IAST: ) is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy and classical Indian philosophy.
Oldest of the major Upanishads ( c. 900 – 600 BCE ) also contain speculations along the lines of classical Samkhya philosophy.
Between 5th and 2nd century BCE, Samkhya thought from various sources started coalescing into a distinct philosophy.
The earliest surviving authoritative text on classical Samkhya philosophy is the Samkhyakarika ( c. 350 – 450 CE ) of Iśvarakṛṣṇa.
The text also refers to an earlier work of Samkhya philosophy called Ṣaṣṭitantra ( science of sixty topics ) which is now lost.
According Surendranath Dasgupta, scholar of Indian philosophy, Charaka Samhita, an ancient Indian medical treatise, also contains thoughts from an early Samkhya school.
The concept was popularized in the theosophical movements of the 19th century and is derived from Hindu philosophy of Samkhya.
It is promulgated in the Samkhya philosophy that the Akashic records are automatically recorded in the elements of akasha one of the five types of elements visualized as existing in the elemental theory of Ancient India, called Mahabhuta.
** the soul, in Samkhya philosophy
Bhagavan Shri Shanmukha Anantha Natha is the first scholar to define that the ' blackness ' of Krishna is not a racial interpretation but refers to the Absolute in its phase of manifestation as denoted by Samkhya philosophy.
Rajas ( Sanskrit रजस ्, or rajoguna )) is, in the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, one of the three gunas.
In the Samkhya school of philosophy, tamas ( Sanskrit / तमस ् tamas " darkness ") is one of the three gunas ( or qualities ), the other two being rajas ( passion and activity ) and sattva ( purity, goodness ).
The gunas are defined and detailed in Samkhya, one of the six schools of classical Indian philosophy.
Kapila () was a Vedic sage and an incarnation of Supreme Godhead Vishnu, credited as one of the founders of the Samkhya school of philosophy.
He is prominent in the Bhagavata Purana, which features a theistic version of his Samkhya philosophy.
Samkhya and which
The name Lokāyata can be traced to Kautilya's Arthashastra, which refers to three ānvīkṣikīs ( logical philosophies ) — Yoga, Samkhya and Lokāyata.
The Samkhya notion of buddhi or mahat is similar to the notion of hiranyagarbha which appears in both the Rig Veda and the Shvetashvatara Upanishad.
Satkaryavada, the theory of causation in Samkhya, can be traced to the verses in sixth chapter which emphasize the primacy of sat ( being ) and describe creation from it.
* Yoga, the school of Patanjali ( which provisionally asserts the metaphysics of Samkhya )
The Yoga Sutras diverge from early Samkhya by the addition of the principle of Isvara or God, as exemplified by Sutra 1. 23-" Iśvara pranidhãnãt vã ", which is interpreted to mean that surrender to God is one way to liberation.
The orthodox Hindu philosophies of Samkhya, Yoga, Vedanta, as well as the non-orthodox Nastika systems of Jainism and Buddhism can all be seen as representing one stream of spiritual activity in Ancient India, in contrast to the Bhakti traditions and Vedic ritualism which were also prevalent at the same time.
In Samkhya philosophy, there are three major that serve as the fundamental operating principles or ' tendencies ' of ( universal nature ) which are called:,, and.
In The Key to Theosophy she presents a synthesis of Eastern ( Advaita Vedanta, Samkhya ) and Western ( Platonism, 19th century Occultism ) ideas, according to which human nature consists of seven principles.
According to the Samkhya school, light is one of the five fundamental " subtle " elements ( tanmatra ) out of which emerge the gross elements.
The principal text of the Samkhya school, the Samkhya Karika, was written by Ishvara Krishna in the fourth century CE, by which time it was already a dominant Hindu school.
Samkhya and is
The main opponent in his work is the Mimamsa school of thought, though he also offers arguments against the views of some other schools like Samkhya and certain schools of Buddhism.
The Samkhya school is dualistic and atheistic.
Sage Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya school.
The major text of this Vedic school is the extant Samkhya Karika circa 200 CE.
Samkhya does not describe what happens after Moksha and does not mention anything about Ishwara or God, because after liberation there is no essential distinction of individual and universal Puruṣa.
In Samkhya, however, the dualism is between the real self ( as Puruṣa ) and matter ( Prakriti ).
As such, there is little evidence of existence of the Samkhya school before this time.
" The emphasis of duality between existence ( sat ) and non-existence ( asat ) in the Nasadiya sukta of the Rig Veda is similar to the vyakta – avyakta ( manifest – unmanifest ) polarity in Samkhya.
The enumeration of tattvas in Samkhya is also found in Taittiriya Upanishad, Aitareya Upanishad and Yajnavalkya – Maitri dialogue in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.
It is probable that these schools of thought and the earliest schools of Samkhya influenced each other.
A prominent similarity between Buddhism and Samkhya is the emphasis on suffering ( dukkha ).
However, suffering is not as central to Samkhya as it is to Budhhism.
Therefore, it is likely that Samkhya imbibed this idea from Buddhism.
However Hermann Jacobi, an Indologist, thinks that there is little reason to assume that Samkhya notion of Purushas was solely dependent on the notion of jiva in Jainism.
It is more likely, that Samkhya was moulded by many ancient theories of soul in various Vedic and non-Vedic schools.
It is considered the second most important work of Samkhya after the karika.
While the Prakriti is a single entity, the Samkhya admits a plurality of the Puruṣas in this world.
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