In 1939 Sartre was drafted into the French army, where he served as a meteorologist.

In 1948, Jean-Paul Sartre analyzed the négritude movement in an essay called " Orphée Noir " ( Black Orpheus ) which served as the introduction to a volume of francophone poetry called Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache, compiled by Léopold Senghor.

In his Sartre biography, David Drake writes, Nausea was on the whole well received by the critics and the success of Sartre the novelist served to enhance the reputation he had started to enjoy as a writer of short stories and philosophical texts, mostly on perception.

A biting, pithy parable of the all-pervading hollowness of modern life, the piece has been set by Mlle Lagoon to a sumptuous score ( a single motif played over and over by four thousand French horns ) by existentialist hot-shot Jean-Paul Sartre.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

Gabriel Marcel explicitly rejected existentialism, due to Sartre, but not phenomenology, which has enjoyed a wide following among French Catholics.

* A History of Philosophy: Volume IX: Modern Philosophy: From the French Revolution to Sartre, Camus, and Levi-Strauss.

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980 ) was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic.

Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris as the only child of Jean-Baptiste Sartre, an officer of the French Navy, and Anne-Marie Schweitzer.

In August Sartre and de Beauvoir went to the French Riviera seeking the support of André Gide and André Malraux.

Later, while Sartre was labeled by some authors as a resistant, the French philosopher and resistant Vladimir Jankelevitch criticized Sartre's lack of political commitment during the German occupation, and interpreted his further struggles for liberty as an attempt to redeem himself.

Sartre always sympathized with the Left, and supported the French Communist Party ( PCF ) until the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary.

Following the Liberation the PCF were infuriated by Sartre's philosophy, which appeared to lure young French men and women away from the ideology of communism and into Sartre ’ s own existentialism ( Scriven 1999: 13 ).

From 1956 onwards Sartre rejected the claims of the PCF to represent the French working classes, objecting to its " authoritarian tendencies ".

* Judaken, Jonathan ( 2006 ) " Jean-Paul Sartre and the Jewish Question: Anti-antisemitism and the Politics of the French Intellectual.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty () ( 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961 ) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre ( who later stated he had been " converted " to Marxism by Merleau-Ponty ) and Simone de Beauvoir.

Camus and Sartre, in particular, were of the French resistance against the Nazis ; their friendship ultimately differing only in philosophic stance.

During her second year at Brandeis, she decided to major in French and continued her intensive study of Sartre.

French philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and Maurice Merlau-Ponty named their journal, Les Temps modernes, after it.

French author Jean-Paul Sartre publicly praised Céline during this period.

Notable figures in French literature who never became academicians include Jean Jacques Rousseau, Jean-Paul Sartre, Joseph de Maistre, Honoré de Balzac, René Descartes, Denis Diderot, Gustave Flaubert, Molière, Marcel Proust, Jules Verne, Theophile Gautier, and Émile Zola.

" That school has remained ever since the living heart of French philosophy-Henry Bergson, Jean-Paul Sartre, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, to name just a few, are among its past students.

In contrast to Brentano's view, French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ( Being and Nothingness ) identified intentionality with consciousness, stating that the two were indistinguishable.

* June 21-Jean-Paul Sartre, French author ( died 1980 )

During a collective hunger strike in 1974, Sartre visited Red Army Faction leader Andreas Baader in Stammheim Prison and criticized the harsh conditions of imprisonment.

* Jean-Paul Sartre is drafted into the French Army.

The presence of Hegelianism was enormous in the intellectual life of France during the second half of the 20th century with the influence of Kojève and Hyppolite, but also with the impact of dialectics based on contradiction developed by marxists, and including the existentialism from Sartre, etc.

Anne-Marie moved back to her parents ' house in Meudon, where she raised Sartre with help from her father, a teacher of German, who taught Sartre mathematics and introduced him to classical literature at a very early age.

Sartre was influenced by many aspects of Western philosophy, adopting ideas from Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Søren Kierkegaard, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, among others.

Hélène de Beauvoir's house in Goxwiller, where Sartre tried to hide from the media after being awarded the Nobel Prize.

The prize was announced on 22 October 1964 ; on 14 October, Sartre had written a letter to the Nobel Institute, asking to be removed from the list of nominees, and warning that he would not accept the prize if awarded, but the letter went unread ; on 23 October, Le Figaro published a statement by Sartre explaining his refusal.

Sartre died 15 April 1980 in Paris from edema of the lung.

The novel also acts as a terrifying realization of some of Kant's fundamental ideas ; Sartre uses the idea of the autonomy of the will ( that morality is derived from our ability to choose in reality ; the ability to choose being derived from human freedom ; embodied in the famous saying " Condemned to be free ") as a way to show the world's indifference to the individual.

By forging Mathieu as an absolute rationalist, analyzing every situation, and functioning entirely on reason, he removed any strands of authentic content from his character and as a result, Mathieu could " recognize no allegiance except to self " ( Sartre 1942: 13 ), though he realized that without " responsibility for my own existence, it would seem utterly absurd to go on existing " ( Sartre 1942: 14 ).

Being and Time influenced many thinkers, including such existentialist thinkers as Jean-Paul Sartre ( although Heidegger distanced himself from existentialism — see below ).

Jacques Derrida made emphatic efforts to displace the understanding of Heidegger's work that had been prevalent in France from the period of the ban against Heidegger teaching in German universities, which amounted to an almost wholesale rejection of the influence of Jean-Paul Sartre and existentialist terms.

In the deconstruction procedure, one of the main concerns of Derrida is not to collapse in Hegel ´ s dialectic where these oppositions would be reduced to contradictions in a dialectic whose telos would, necessarily, be to resolve it into a synthesis, The presence of Hegelianism was enormous in the intellectual life of France during the second half of the 20th century with the influence of Kojève and Hyppolite, but also with the impact of dialectics based on contradiction developed by Marxists, and including the existentialism from Sartre, etc.

With protagonists who asserted their independence from the fated past, themes during this period are more closely related to the existential concerns of such writers as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.

* Dermot Moran, Introduction to Phenomenology ( Oxford: Routledge, 2000 )-Charting phenomenology from Brentano, through Husserl and Heidegger, to Gadamer, Arendt, Levinas, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty and Derrida.

In a 1966 interview, Claude Bonnefoy, comparing the Absurdists to Sartre and Camus, said to Ionesco, " It seems to me that Beckett, Adamov and yourself started out less from philosophical reflections or a return to classical sources, than from first-hand experience and a desire to find a new theatrical expression that would enable you to render this experience in all its acuteness and also its immediacy.

He became a well-known activist in international circles, co-authoring papers and giving joint speaking engagements with American political dissident Noam Chomsky, and winning plaudits from Jean Paul Sartre, Gore Vidal, Christopher Hitchens and Edward Said.

Feelings of frustration and exclusion from the centre and the Establishment were taken up, as common sense surrogates for the Freud and Sartre of the highbrows.

Others, like Jean-Paul Sartre and Sigmund Freud, feel a belief in luck has more to do with a locus of control for events in one's life, and the subsequent escape from personal responsibility.

In one scene the younger daughter of Niven's character is seen reading Fanny Hill, whereas his older daughter, Linda, has apparently graduated from Cleland's sensationalism and is seen reading Sartre instead.