Prince John Constantinovich of Russia () ( 5 July 1886 – 18 July 1918 ), sometimes also known as Prince Ioann, Prince Ivan or Prince Johan, was the eldest son of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia by his wife Elisaveta Mavrikievna, née Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg.

The city of Altenburg and the surrounding lands were the tiny duchy of Saxe-Altenburg from 1826 to 1918 ; afterwards it was a state within the Weimar Republic for a short time, before it was dissolved in 1922 in order to join the state of Thuringia.

Marie was a daughter of William, Duke of Nassau and his first wife Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen, the daughter of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Historically, the same title was used ( sometimes alternating with other styles ), notably as head of government in certain of the many constituent monarchies of pre-reunion Germany, e. g. in Hesse-Darmstadt, Hesse-Kassel ( or Hesse-Cassel ), Lippe, Schaumburg-Lippe, in Hannover, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Reuss-Schleiz-Gera and Reuss Junior Line, electorate / kingdom Saxony, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.

Prince Aribert was the third son of Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt, and his wife, Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg.

Ernst August, Crown Prince of Hanover, Heir of Brunswick, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, 3rd Earl of Armagh, ( Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick ; 21 September 1845 – 14 November 1923 ), was the eldest child and only son of George V of Hanover and his wife, Marie of Saxe-Altenburg.

George V of Hanover | King George V and Marie of Saxe-Altenburg | Queen Marie of Hanover and their children Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover | Ernest Augustus, Princess Frederica of Hanover | Frederica and Princess Marie of Hanover | Marie. Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was born at Hanover during the reign of his paternal grandfather, Ernest Augustus I.

The free-state Saxe-Altenburg was merged with Thuringia in 1920.

The succeeding Free State of Saxe-Altenburg was incorporated into the new state of Thuringia in 1920.

Neighboring countries were Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, Hesse-Kassel ( until 1866, when it was incorporated in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau ), and all the other Thuringian states ( Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, Reuss Elder Line, Reuss Junior Line, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen ).

Saxe-Altenburg in turn was incorporated into the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha under Ernest I in 1672.

Princess Marie of Hanover (; 2 December 1849 – 4 June 1904 ) was the younger daughter of King George V of Hanover and of his wife, Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg.

A member of the Romanov dynasty, she was the daughter of Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaievich and his wife Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg.

She was the second child and eldest daughter of Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaievich and his wife, Grand Duchess Alexandra, a former princess of Saxe-Altenburg.

Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna of Russia ( 8 July 1830 Altenburg – 6 July 1911 Saint Petersburg ), born Princess Alexandra Friederike Henriette of Saxe-Altenburg was the fifth daughter of Joseph Georg Friedrich Ernst Karl, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Amelie Theresa Luise, Duchess of Württemberg.

The fourth child of the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia and his wife Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg, KR was born in the Constantine Palace, Strelna.

Gabelentz was born in Poschwitz, near Altenburg, Saxe-Altenburg.

Hanns Bruno Geinitz ( 16 October 1814 – 28 January 1900 ) was a German geologist, born at Altenburg, the capital of Saxe-Altenburg.

Grand Duke Dimitri Constantinovich was born at Strelna on 13 June 1860, the third son and fifth child of Grand Duke Constantine Nicholaievich of Russia and Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna, born Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg.

The style was also once used by the ruling families of the Grand Duchies of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Oldenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and of the Duchies of Brunswick, Anhalt, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Altenburg, as well as by the House of Schleswig-Holstein, which never ruled.

Prince Igor Constantinovich of Russia ( Игорь Константинович ) ( 10 June 1894 – 18 July 1918 ), was the sixth child of HIH Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia by his wife Elisaveta Mavrikievna née HH Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg.

Prince Constantine Constantinovich of Russia ( Константин Константинович ) ( 1 January 1891 – 18 July 1918 ), nicknamed Kostia by the family, was the fourth child of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia by his wife Elisbeth Mavrikievna née HH Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg.

George married, on 18 February 1843, at Hanover, Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, the eldest daughter of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, by his wife, Duchess Amelia of Württemberg.

Princess Tatiana Constantinovna of Russia ( Княжна Татьяна Константиовна ) ( 23 January 1890 – 28 August 1979 ) was the third child and oldest daughter of HIH the Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia by his wife Elisaveta Mavrikievna née HH Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg.

** Saxe-Altenburg ( Ernestine branch )

When the Ernestine lands were re-divided in 1826, Altenburg became the capital of Saxe-Altenburg.

* Cadet branches of the sovereign Ernestine dukes ( i. e., Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha );

Two branches descend from duke Ernest the Pious, the father of the progenitor of this Saxe-Altenburg branch: Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ; according to old Wettin family law, they would have divided the actual territories between them ( as happened to Gotha and Altenburg in 1826 ).

In 1826, the states of Thuringia were reorganised: the last ruler of Saxe-Altenburg died without an heir ; the duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen became his successor, but he had to cede his own realm to Saxe-Meiningen.

* 1818 – Marie of Saxe-Altenburg ( d. 1909 )

German heraldry has examples of shields with numerous crests, as this arms of Saxe-Altenburg featuring a total of seven crests.

* 1830 – Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg ( d. 1911 )

Educated in Saxe-Altenburg, Germany, Harrison returned to Chicago to help his brother run the Chicago Times, which their father bought in 1891.

In the 19th century, the sovereign dukes of Parma and Modena in Italy, and of Anhalt, Brunswick-Lüneburg, Nassau, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Altenburg in Germany survived Napoleon's reorganization.

In 1946, Prince Frederick of Saxe-Altenburg helped her across the border to Bad Liebenzell in the French occupation zone.

The states which thus agreed to unite were: ( 1 ) Schwarzburg, ( 2 ) Reuss, ( 3 ) Gotha, ( 4 ) Saxe-Weimar, ( 5 ) Saxe-Meiningen, and ( 6 ) Saxe-Altenburg.

When in 1602 John William's son and successor Frederick William I died, the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar passed to his younger brother John II, while in 1603 Frederick William's eldest son John Philip in compensation received the newly created Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg.

Saxe-Altenburg thereafter remained part of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg until the extinction of that house in 1825, when Gotha and Altenburg were split up, with Gotha going to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Altenburg to the Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, who in exchange gave up Hildburghausen to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.

The Saxe-Altenburg line became extinct following the death of Prince George Moritz in 1991.

Apollo was born on the seventh day () of the month Thargelion — according to Delian tradition — or of the month Bysios — according to Delphian tradition.

Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski () ( July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950 ) was a Polish-American philosopher and scientist.

Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( äl ' fred bern ' härd nōbel ') () ( 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896 ) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer.

In the Hebrew Bible and the Qur ' an, Aaron ( or ; Ahărōn, Hārūn, Greek ( Septuagint ): Ααρών ), who is often called "' Aaron the Priest "' () and once Aaron the Levite () ( Exodus 4: 14 ), was the older brother of Moses, ( Exodus 6: 16-20, 7: 7 ; Qur ' an 28: 34 ) and a prophet of God.

Anbar () was a town in Iraq, at lat.

Alcuin of York () or Ealhwine, nicknamed Albinus or Flaccus ( 730s or 740s – 19 May 804 ) was an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria.

According to the Bible, Absalom or Avshalom () was the third son of David, King of Israel with Maachah, daughter of Talmai, King of Geshur.

After this deed he fled to Talmai, the king of Geshur () ( see also or ), his maternal grandfather, and it was not until three years later that he was fully reinstated in his father's favour and finally returned to Jerusalem.

Albert Alcibiades () ( 28 March 1522 – 8 January 1557 ) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, also known as Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

The stone was given its name by Theophrastus, a Greek philosopher and naturalist, who discovered the stone along the shore line of the river Achates () sometime between the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.

Agesilaus II, or Agesilaos II () ( 444 BC – 360 BC ) was a king of Sparta, of the Eurypontid dynasty, ruling from approximately 400 BC to 360 BC, during most of which time he was, in Plutarch's words, " as good as thought commander and king of all Greece ," and was for the whole of it greatly identified with his country's deeds and fortunes.

Ajax () was a Greek mythological hero, son of Oileus, the king of Locris.

The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).

Alcamenes () was an ancient Greek sculptor of Lemnos and Athens, who flourished in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC.

In Greek mythology, Alcmene or Alcmena () was the mother of Heracles.

Alexander () was tagus or despot of Pherae in Thessaly, and ruled from 369 BC to 358 BC.

In On Fate Alexander denied three things-necessity (), the foreknowledge of fated events that was part of the Stoic identification of God and Nature, and determinism in the sense of a sequence of causes that was laid down beforehand () or predetermined by antecedents ().

Alexander Aetolus () was a Greek poet and grammarian, the only known representative of Aetolian poetry.

He was born at Thurii ( in present day Calabria, Italy ) in Magna Graecia and taken early to Athens, where he became a citizen, being enrolled in the deme Oion () and the tribe Leontides.

Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () ( 10 September 1169 – 24 September 1183, Constantinople ), Byzantine emperor ( 1180 – 1183 ), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch.