Scholars discuss historiography topically – such as the " historiography of Catholicism ", the " historiography of early Islam ", or the " historiography of China " – as well as specific approaches and genres, such as political history and social history.

Scholars had to decide which hadith were to be trusted as authentic and which had been invented for political or theological purposes.

Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is a political ideology include Fred Halliday, John Esposito and Muslim intellectuals like Javed Ahmad Ghamidi.

Scholars have argued that Machiavelli was a major indirect and direct influence upon the political thinking of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Scholars debate whether the Victorian period — as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political concerns that have come to be associated with the Victorians — actually begins with the passage of Reform Act 1832.

Scholars have described Ukraine's political system as " weak, fractured, highly personal and ideologically vacuous while the judiciary and media fail to hold politicians to account " ( Dr. Taras Kuzio in 2009 ).

Scholars disagree in their definition of the term in relation to the Beothuk, and the parties have differing political agendas.

Scholars have explored the American Dream theme in the careers of numerous political leaders, including Henry Kissinger, Hillary Clinton, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln.

Scholars who interpret The Wizard of Oz as a political allegory see the Emerald City as a metaphor for Washington, D. C. and unsecured " greenback " paper money.

Scholars like Martin A. Kelin notes that, Faidherbe was merely playing with words and was making political decisions in Senegal without any authority whatsoever.

Scholars have examined his writing from every possible angle: philosophical, political, psychological, journalistic, its relationship to the medium of film, and why French and Italian readers have found him particularly appealing.

Scholars have disaggregated military power projection into nine different aspects based on the political goals being sought and the level of force employed: Four of these relate to the employment of " soft " military power ( securing sea lanes of communication, non-combatant evacuation operations, humanitarian response, and peacekeeping ) and five are primarily concerned with " hard " military power ( showing the flag, compellence / deterrence, punishment, armed intervention and conquest.

Scholars such as Michel Foucault, the Frankfurt School and other postmodernists have argued that the process of othering has everything to do with knowledge, and power acting through knowledge to achieve a particular political agenda in its goal of domination.

The local campaign team later became the founding members of Society of Scholars and Teachers of Qom's Hawza ( majma '- e mohaghgheghin va modarresin-e howze-ye elmiyye-ye ghom ), the political organization of reformist clerics of the city.

Scholars such as Peter N. Dale ( 1986 ), Harumi Befu ( 1987 ), and Kosaku Yoshino ( 1992 ) view nihonjinron more critically, identifying it as a tool for enforcing social and political conformity.

Scholars have suggested that Robert Bell may have attended Cambridge ( Protestant leanings 16th century ), which can be supported by his political alignments during the 1566, parliamentary session, in particular, " Mr. Bell's complices "... ( Richard Kingsmill and Robert Monson )

The Study and Scholars programme also works with the Foreign Office and the British Council to provide courses for future political leaders from around the world.

Scholars, including Sunaina Maira and Evelyn Alsultany, argue that in the post-September 11 climate, Muslim Americans have been racialized within American society, although the markers of this racialization are cultural, political, and religious rather than phenotypic.

Scholars also hypothesized that realigning elections rejuvenated public support for the political system, which helped explain the relative stability of American political structures.

Scholars who conclude that there has been a significant rise in independent voting and a concomitant dealignment of the American political system also often conclude that democracy has suffered as a result.

Scholars such as Bruce Ackerman have pointed to the Court's decision in Stuart v. Laird as part of the opposition Federalist Court's accommodation of the new Jeffersonian political regime.

Scholars, however, have not found that third-person perception predicts willingness to censor news or political media content including censorship of press coverage of the O. J.

Scholars are unsure how much of Aristophanes ' portrayal is fact and how much mere comic invention.

The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).

The Honors college enrolls 3523 undergraduate students, 613 of whom are National Merit Scholars.

Scholars have identified several passages in Jeremiah that can be understood as “ confessions ;” they occur in the first section of the book ( chapters 1-25 ) and are 11. 18-12. 6, 15. 10-21, 17. 14-18, 18. 18-23, and 20. 7-18.

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

Scholars opposing this view claim that while the dagger is unusual, ghosts of murdered victims are more believable, having a basis in the audience's superstitions.

Scholars who are not Christian Scientists rely on it, but church members strongly disfavor it.

Scholars like Rudolf E. Kalman and Aleksandr Lyapunov are well-known among the people who have shaped modern control theory.

Scholars investigating the cause of civil war are attracted by two opposing theories, greed versus grievance.

Caddies often obtain a promotion in rank once a year, while often Honor takes two years to achieve and Evans Scholars are only produced by winning the venerable Evans Scholarship for university.

Scholars are divided on whether it is based on Ezra-Nehemiah, or reflects an earlier literary stage before the combination of Ezra and Nehemiah accounts.

Scholars are divided over the chronological sequence of the activities of Ezra and Nehemiah.

" Scholars are unsure whether it means the " one who gathers " or the " one among the gathering.

Scholars are not unanimous about whether this indicates two authors.

Scholars are not unanimous about the authenticity of the pastoral epistles.

Scholars may introduce their own terminology and make theoretical distinctions which are different from those of the believers themselves .”

Scholars are also taking increasingly global perspectives, responding to postcolonialist criticisms of Anglo-and Eurocentrism in the academy more generally.

Biblical Scholars are in wide agreement that the author of the Gospel of Luke also wrote the Acts of the Apostles.

Scholars are divided over whether these rules originated with Jesus or with apostolic practice.

Scholars still debate whether these twists are mistakes or intentional additions to add to the play's theme of confusion and duality.

Tasmanian State League football features five clubs from Hobart, and other leagues such as Southern Football League and the Old Scholars Football Association are also played each Winter.

Scholars suggest they are descendants of early Austroasiatic-speaking agriculturalists, who brought both their language and their technology to the southern part of the peninsula approximately 4, 000 years ago.

A third of the student body are National Merit Scholars, and at one point, about 40 percent of graduates were going on to earn a Ph. D. — the highest rate of any college or university in the nation.

Scholars generally view these variations as indications that the Josephus passages are not interpolations, for a Christian interpolator would have made them correspond to the New Testament accounts, not differ from them.

Scholars generally view these variations as indications that the Josephus passages are not interpolations, for a Christian interpolator would have made them correspond to the Christian traditions.