Alexander I ( c. 1078 – 23 April 1124 ), also called Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim ( Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim ) and nicknamed " The Fierce ", was King of the Scots from 1107 to his death.

Alexander II ( Mediaeval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Uilliam ; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Uilleim ) ( 24 August 1198 – 6 July 1249 ) was King of Scots from

Alexander III ( Medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Alaxandair ; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Alasdair ) ( 4 September 1241 – 19 March 1286 ) was King of Scots from 1249 to his death.

Guide books and posters from Ireland, Scotland in Gaelic, English, Doric and Scots, Cornwall, Brittany and Nova Scotia refer to live music performances.

Although Irish and Manx are often referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic ( as they are Goidelic or Gaelic languages ), the use of the word Gaelic is unnecessary because the terms Irish and Manx, when referring to language, only ever refer to these languages, whereas Scots has come to refer to a Germanic language, and therefore " Scottish " can refer to things not at all Gaelic.

In the west were the Gaelic ( Goidelic )- speaking people of Dál Riata with their royal fortress at Dunadd in Argyll, with close links with the island of Ireland, from which they brought with them the name Scots.

The use of Scots and English became prominent in recent times but the Hebrides still contain the largest concentration of Scottish Gaelic speakers in Scotland.

Cináed mac Ailpín ( Modern Gaelic: Coinneach mac Ailpein ), commonly Anglicised as Kenneth MacAlpin and known in most modern regnal lists as Kenneth I ( 810-13 February 858 ) was king of the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots, earning him the posthumous nickname of An Ferbasach, " The Conqueror ".

Lowland Scots orthography, like Scottish Gaelic and Irish, represents with ch, so the word was borrowed with identical spelling.

Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin ( Modern Gaelic: Lughlagh mac Gille Chomghain, known in English simply as Lulach, and nicknamed Tairbith, " the Unfortunate " and Fatuus, " the Simple-minded " or " the Foolish "; before 1033 – 17 March 1058 ) was King of Scots between 15 August 1057 and 17 March 1058.

Mac Bethad mac Findlaích ( Modern Gaelic: MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh, anglicised as Macbeth, and nicknamed Rí Deircc, " the Red King "; died 15 August 1057 ) was King of the Scots ( also known as the King of Alba, and earlier as King of Moray and King of Fortriu ) from 1040 until his death.

Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh, called in most Anglicised regnal lists Malcolm III, and in later centuries nicknamed Canmore, " Big Head ", either literally or in reference to his leadership, " Long-neck "; died 13 November 1093 ), was King of Scots.

Malcolm's Kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland: the north and west of Scotland remained in Scandinavian, Norse-Gael and Gaelic control, and the areas under the control of the Kings of Scots would not advance much beyond the limits set by Malcolm II ( Máel Coluim mac Cináeda ) until the 12th century.

Orange is Norn, yellow is English / Scots and blue is Scottish Gaelic.

He claimed to have collected word-of-mouth material in the Scots Gaelic said to be from ancient sources, and the work was his translation of that material.

The controversy raged on into the early years of the 19th century, with disputes as to whether the poems were based on Irish sources, on sources in English, on Gaelic fragments woven into his own composition as Johnson concluded, or largely on Scots Gaelic oral traditions and manuscripts as Macpherson claimed.

Robert I ( 11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329 ), popularly known as Robert the Bruce ( Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis ; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis ; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys ), was King of Scots from 25 March 1306, until his death in 1329.

Aberfoyle has connections to many historical figures such as Rob Roy and Mary, Queen of Scots.

Scots common law covers matters including murder and theft, and has sources in custom, in legal writings and previous court decisions.

Legend has it that the Brecbennoch, was carried to the Battle of Bannockburn ( 24 June 1314 ) by the vastly outnumbered Scots army and the intercession of Columba helped them to victory.

Edinburgh has also become associated with the crime novels of Ian Rankin, and the work of Irvine Welsh, whose novels are mostly set in the city and are often written in colloquial Scots.

In Scots Law, Davie v Magistrates of Edinburgh ( 1953 ) provides authority that where a witness has particular knowledge or skills in an area being examined by the court, and has been called to court in order to elaborate on that area for the benefit of the court, that witness may give evidence of his opinion on that area.

In the centre of the High Street is the Scots baronial style Town Hall, built in 1886, and the east end has an equestrian statue, known as " the Horse ", erected in 1914.

An old custom in the Highlands, which has survived to a small extent and seen some degree of revival, is to celebrate Hogmanay with the saining ( Scots for ' protecting, blessing ') of the household and livestock.

In Scots law the jury system has some similarities with England but some important differences, in particular there are juries of 15 in criminal trials, with verdicts by simple majority.

The identity of Karl Hundason, unknown to Scots and Irish sources, has long been a matter of dispute, and it is far from clear that the matter is settled.

The party has an active youth wing, the Young Scots for Independence, as well as a student wing, the Federation of Student Nationalists.

While going from door to door in disguise has remained popular among Scots and Irish, the North American custom of saying " trick or treat " has recently become common.

While going from door to door in disguise has remained popular among Scots and Irish at Halloween, saying " trick-or-treat " has become common.

Today the UK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law.

The Ulster accent has two main sub accents, namely Mid Ulster English and Ulster Scots.

It bears many similarities to Scottish English through influence from Ulster Scots, which has many distinct characteristics and is often seen as a variety of Scots.

In what has been called a coup d ' état, the Cardinal of Lorraine and the Duke of Guise — whose niece, Mary, Queen of Scots, had married Francis the year before — seized power the day after Henry II's death and quickly moved themselves into the Louvre with the young couple.

Since 2004, the Scottish Parliament has appointed an official Scots Makar, from the Makars of the various cities.

Under the recent constitutional reforms, the Lord Advocate has become an officer of the Scottish Government, while the United Kingdom Government is advised on Scots law by the Advocate General for Scotland.

Back-bond, or back-letter, in Scots law, is a deed qualifying the terms of another deed, or declaratory of the purposes for which another deed has been granted.

Stirling also has its medieval parish church, The Church of the Holy Rude, where King James VI was crowned King of Scots on 29 July 1567.

The word broch is derived from Lowland Scots ' brough ', meaning ( among other things ) fort.

Here, again, a new term appears in the record, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the first time using the word scottas, from which Scots derives, to describe the inhabitants of Constantine's kingdom in its report of these events.

Successively, the word elf, as well as literary term fairy, evolved to a general denotation of various nature spirits like Puck, hobgoblins, Robin Goodfellow, the English and Scots brownie, the Northumbrian English hob and so forth.

Hogmanay ( Scottish English: ) is the Scots word for the last day of the year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year ( Gregorian calendar ) in the Scottish manner.

Some authors reject both the French and Goidelic theories and instead suggest that the ultimate source both for the Norman French, Scots and Goidelic variants of this word are to be found in a common Norse root.

However, due to increasing Anglicisation and globalisation, today not even all Scots can pronounce the fricative and in attempting to say the word " loch ", they instead make the sound of the word " lock "-i. e.

Their Old English name gave the modern Scots form Pechts and the Welsh word Fichti.

The word tor ( Cornish tor, Old Welsh twrr, Modern Welsh tŵr, Scots Gaelic tòrr ), meaning hill, is notable for being one of the very few Celtic loanwords to be borrowed into vernacular English before the modern era – such borrowings are mainly words of a geographic or topographical nature.

The word was originally a late medieval Scots word ( circa 1500 ) meaning a gathering of any kind, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

In the 19th century, Americans in the southern United States employed the word in reference to Americans from the northern United States ( though not to recent immigrants from Europe ; thus a visitor to Richmond, Virginia, in 1818 commented, " The enterprising people are mostly strangers ; Scots, Irish, and especially New England men, or Yankees, as they are called ").

In Old English and Early and Middle Scots, the word ton, toun, etc.

could refer to kinds of settlements as diverse as agricultural estates and holdings, partly picking up the Norse sense ( as in the Scots word fermtoun ) at one end of the scale, to fortified municipality at the other.

Legend has it that the name was the result of a spectator exclaiming " Oh how she scoons ", scoon being similar to scon, a Scots word meaning to skip along the surface of the water.

The term Lallans, a variant of the Modern Scots word lawlands, is also used, though this is more often taken to mean the Lallans literary form.

The stand-off which followed was not resolved until two years later, and became known as the " Lang Siege ", from the Scots word for " long ".

Thrawn is his " core " name, reminiscent of the Scots word " thrawn ", meaning " twisted or crooked ".

The modern usage in Scotland is Scottish or Scots, where the word " Scotch " is only applied to specific products, usually food or drink, such as Scotch whisky, Scotch pie, Scotch broth, Scotch tape, or Scotch eggs, and " Scotch " if applied to people is widely considered pejorative, reflecting old Anglo-Scottish antagonisms.

The adjective or noun Scotch is an early modern English ( 16th century ) contraction of the English word Scottish which was later adopted into the Scots language.

By 1908, this was described by the New York Times as a " long-established … preference " ( see article ) In modern usage in Scotland, " Scotch " is never used, other than as described in the following paragraph for certain articles ; it has gathered patronising and faintly offensive connotations (" frugal with one's money "), and a non-Scot who uses the word in conversation with Scots as a description of them may find this a good test of their courtesy.

The name is a pun on Kenneth Horne's name and the ( now mainly Scots / Scottish English ) word ken, meaning " knowledge or perception ".

The term alimony comes from the Latin word alimōnia (" nourishment, sustenance ", from alere, " to nourish "), from which also alimentary ( of, or relating to food, nutrition, or digestion ) and the Scots law concept of aliment, and was a rule of sustenance to assure the wife's lodging, food, clothing, and other necessities after divorce.