In Scots Law, assault is defined as an " attack upon the person of another ".

There is no distinction made in Scotland between assault and battery ( which is not a term used in Scots law ), although, as in England and Wales, assault can be occasioned without a physical attack on another's person, as demonstrated in Atkinson v. HM Advocate wherein the accused was found guilty of assaulting a shop assistant by simply jumping over a counter wearing a ski mask.

The visit of the three pilgrim " Scots " ( i. e. Irish ) to Alfred in 891 is undoubtedly authentic.

In addition to Triumphant Democracy ( 1886 ), and The Gospel of Wealth ( 1889 ), he also wrote An American Four-in-hand in Britain ( 1883 ), Round the World ( 1884 ), The Empire of Business ( 1902 ), The Secret of Business is the Management of Men ( 1903 ), James Watt ( 1905 ) in the Famous Scots Series, Problems of Today ( 1907 ), and his posthumously published autobiography Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie ( 1920 ).

* 1296 – First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol's Scots army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar.

It is known locally as the ' Round O ', and from this tradition inhabitants of Arbroath are colloquially known as ' Reid Lichties ' ( Scots reid = red ).

The-dour element, referring to the Burn, means simply ' water ' ( archaic dobur ), and is unconnected to the Scots / English ' dour '.

The Scots lose the battle, Wallace is wounded, and Hamish's father is fatally wounded and dies after the battle.

The castle is an example of Scots Baronial architecture, and is classified by Historic Scotland as a category A listed building.

The architecture of the new house is considered to be somewhat dated for its time, being similar in style to the demolished castle of the 1830s, in contrast to the richer forms of Scots Baronial being developed by William Burn and others during the 1850s.

As an exercise in Scots Baronial, it is sometimes described as being too ordered, pedantic, and even Germanic, as a result of Prince Albert's influence on the design.

The word broch is derived from Lowland Scots ' brough ', meaning ( among other things ) fort.

Mary, Queen of Scots | Mary Stuart's personal breviary, which she took with her to the scaffold, is preserved in the National Library of Russia of St. Petersburg

A Burns supper is a celebration of the life and poetry of the poet Robert Burns, author of many Scots poems.

All of the guests are seated and grace is said, usually using the Selkirk Grace, a well-known thanksgiving said before meals, using the Scots language.

Scots common law differs in that the use of precedents is subject to the courts ' seeking to discover the principle that justifies a law rather than searching for an example as a precedent, and principles of natural justice and fairness have always played a role in Scots Law.

Another Indo-European example is star ( English ), str-( Sanskrit ), tara ( Hindi-Urdu ), étoile ( French ), ἀστήρ ( astēr ) ( Greek or ἀστέρι / ἄστρο, asteri / astro in Modern Greek ), stella ( Italian ), aster ( Latin ) stea ( Romanian and Venetian ), stairno ( Gothic ), astl ( Armenian ), Stern ( German ), ster ( Dutch and Afrikaans ), starn ( Scots ), stjerne ( Norwegian and Danish ), stjarna ( Icelandic ), stjärna ( Swedish ), stjørna ( Faroese ), setāre ( Persian ), stoorei ( Pashto ), seren ( Welsh ), steren ( Cornish ), estel ( Catalan ), estrella Spanish, estrella Asturian and Leonese, estrela ( Portuguese and Galician ) and estêre or stêrk ( Kurdish ), from the PIE, " star ".

The verbal noun curling is formed from the Scots ( and English ) verb curl, which describes the motion of the stone.

He is often known as Constantine I, in reference to his place in modern lists of kings of Scots, though contemporary sources described Causantín only as a Pictish king.

During his reign the words " Scots " and " Scotland " () are first used to mean part of what is now Scotland.

Seven years later the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says: plundered the English as far as the river Tees, and he seized a multitude of people and many herds of cattle: and the Scots called this the raid of Albidosorum, that is, Nainndisi.

The adjective or noun Scotch is an early modern English ( 16th century ) contraction of the English word Scottish which was later adopted into the Scots language.

The Scots language began to diverge from early Northumbrian Middle English, which was called Ynglis as late as the early 16th century ( until the end of the 15th century the name Scottis ( modern form: Scots ) referred to Scottish Gaelic ).

Scots ( the modern Scots language form of early Scots Scottis ) predominated in Scotland until the 18th century when anglicisation became fashionable and Scotch came to be used in both England and Scotland.

Over time and due to various factors the language of the Lothians and the former Kingdom of Northumbria, a northern variety of Middle English, also known as Early Scots or Inglis, came to displace Gaelic as the language of all of lowland Scotland and over time adopted for itself the name " Scottis " (" Scots ") which had previously been used to refer to Gaelic, which later became known as " Erse " (" Irish ") — now considered derogatory.

The letter yogh ( ; Middle English: ), was used in Middle English and Older Scots, representing y () and various velar phonemes.

The members of the parliament of Scotland were collectively referred to as the Three Estates ( Older Scots: Thre Estaitis ), also known as the community of the realm, and until 1690 composed of:

Older Scots ' Cot ( t )' ( cottage ) and ' brig ' ( bridge ).

* Older Scots terms for Cereals and Baking

Older Scots became vocalised to by the Middle Scots period, for example Modern Scots: fou ( full ), pou ( pull ) and oo ( wool ) from full, pullian and wull.

Older Scots stem final became in Middle Scots merging with vowel 1 () in Modern Scots.

Older Scots became in Modern Scots.

Older Scots became vocalised to by the Middle Scots period and subsequently, depending on dialect, or in Modern Scots, for example: aw ( all ), caw ( call ), fauch ( fallow ), faw ( fall ), gaw ( gall ), haud ( hold ), haw ( hall ), maut ( malt ), sauch ( sallow ), saut ( salt ), smaw ( small ), staw ( stall ) and waw ( wall ) from eal, ceallian, fealh, fallan, gealla, healdan, hall, mealt, salh, sealt, smæl, steall and wall.

Old English ów became in Older Scots then in Modern Scots, for example: flowe ( flow ), glowe ( glow ), growe ( grow ) and stowe ( stow ) from flówan, glówan, grówan and stówigan.

Older Scots ( a ) and Older Scots ( b ( i )) became in Middle Scots then or in Modern Scots.

In the past, the Bishop of Durham, known as a prince bishop, had extensive viceregal powers within his northern diocese — the power to mint money, collect taxes and raise an army to defend against the Scots.

Matters remained unresolved until 1640 when, in a renewal of hostilities, Charles's northern forces were defeated by the Scots at the Battle of Newburn to the west of Newcastle.

* Ulster Scots people, an ethnic group in the Ulster province of Ireland who trace their roots to settlers from Scotland and northern England.

Thus the greater part of the valley of the Esk and the whole of Liddesdale can be considered to be northern English dialects rather than Scots ones.

In the 19th century, Americans in the southern United States employed the word in reference to Americans from the northern United States ( though not to recent immigrants from Europe ; thus a visitor to Richmond, Virginia, in 1818 commented, " The enterprising people are mostly strangers ; Scots, Irish, and especially New England men, or Yankees, as they are called ").

Wallace went on to lead a destructive raid into northern England which did little to advance the Scots objectives, whatever effect it had on the morale in his army.

The northern Lancastrian army which had been victorious at Wakefield was reinforced by Scots and borderers eager for plunder, and marched south.

More likely etymologies include northern UK dialect naffhead, naffin, or naffy, a simpleton or blockhead ; niffy-naffy, inconsequential, stupid, or Scots nyaff, a term of contempt for any unpleasant or objectionable person.

The run of disasters that befell the community continued into the early 14th century when northern England was invaded by the Scots and there were further demands for taxes.

The succeeding variety of Early northern Middle English spoken in southeastern Scotland, also known as Early Scots, began to diverge from that of Northumbria due to twelfth and thirteenth century immigration of Scandinavian-influenced Middle English-speakers from the North and Midlands of England.

Brownsborough was settled by Scots, mainly from northern Scotland and the Orkney Islands, brought over as indentured workers by Thomas " Burnfoot " Brown.

Fought in the county of Northumberland, in northern England, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey.

Contemporary historian William Camden observed of the northern English and the Scots, " there is not a man amongst them of a better sort that hath not his little tower or pile ", and many tower houses seem to have been built as much as status symbols as defensive structures.

Thurstan also defended the northern part of England from invasion by the Scots, taking a leading part in organizing the English forces at the Battle of the Standard ( 1138 ).

Scots Pine is the only pine native to northern Europe, forming either pure forests or alongside Norway Spruce, Common Juniper, Silver Birch, European Rowan, Eurasian Aspen and other hardwood species.

From 340 onwards, northern Britain was attacked by Picts and Scots.

The battle was fought in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by the Earl of Surrey.

A small party of Scots led by Sir William Keith managed with some difficulty to make their way across the ruins of the old bridge to the northern bank of the Tweed.

He resigned the following year, and, after making arrangements for the protection of his northern diocese from an expected attack by the Scots, he proceeded in July 1336 to France to attempt a settlement of the claims in dispute between Edward and the French king.

In 1327, the Scots invaded northern England and defeated the English at Stanhope in Weardale in County Durham.

The culmination of a Scottish invasion of northern England, the battle ended with the rout of the Scots and the capture of their king, David II of Scotland.