During the Scottish Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution, Scotland became one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe.

However, in general the Scottish economy stagnated leading to growing unemployment and political agitation among industrial workers.

In World War II, despite extensive bombing by the Luftwaffe, Scottish industry came out of the depression slump by a dramatic expansion of its industrial activity, absorbing unemployed men and many women as well.

In the latter novels, industrial society becomes the center of this conflict as the backward Scottish nationalists and the " advanced " English have to arise from chaos to create unity.

As a result of their work in the industrial field and their relentless focus on educational work, something they had in common with Scottish radical John MacLean of the BSP, the SLP had grown to the point at which it could claim over 1, 000 members in 1919.

* May 18-Andrew Ure, Scottish industrial chemist and encyclopaedist ( died 1857 )

* January 2-Andrew Ure ( born 1778 ), Scottish industrial chemist and encyclopaedist

Coatbridge was a major Scottish centre for iron works and coal mining during the 19th century and in this period was described as ' the industrial heartland of Scotland ' and the ' Iron Burgh '.

However, the Broons depicts the lifestyles of any Scottish industrial town.

CBRM's culture is dominated by the Scottish Gaelic, or " Celtic " heritage common to most of Cape Breton Island, however the urban industrial area of CBRM is also influenced by a mixture of other cultures including African Canadian, Jewish, Newfoundland, Irish, and a variety of Eastern European countries.

This article is about a Scottish village ; for the industrial feature see Lime kiln.

It was recognised as an " industrial university " by the Scottish Office as early as 1902 and gained independent degree-giving authority in the 1970s.

The 1989 – 90 Journals industrial action by employees, and the ferocity with which Aberdeen Journals reacted has been credited with the downfall of unionised workforces in Scottish journalism.

In 1930 the Labour government had, though it was considered a purely cosmetic move, encouraged regional industrial development groups, which led to the forming of the Scottish National Development Council ( SNDC ).

The Scottish intelligentsia was overwhelmed by the growth of the Scottish industrial revolution, and the new entrepreneurial bourgeoisie linked to it.

With such a large part of Scottish livelihood depending on the success of the country's industrial capacities, it is clear that a notable political force inevitably became linked with this social class ; a working-class uprising would be a Scottish uprising — nationalism throughout the working-class would be Scottish nationalism in its full potential.

Bruce Peebles & Co. Ltd. was an Edinburgh industrial electrical engineering company founded as D. Bruce Peebles & Co. by Scottish engineer David Bruce Peebles ( 1826 – 1899 ) in Edinburgh in 1866.

After building a successful market in the industrial regions of the Scottish lowlands he began to build up an export trade by the 1860s ; it was during this time that McEwan's India Pale Ale was first labelled Export.

The first club to represent Clydebank — which was a rapidly developing industrial " boom town " at this time — in the Scottish League, the second senior Clydebank F. C.

From Englishman Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine, of 1712, through major developments by Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer James Watt, the steam engine began to be used in many industrial settings, not just in mining, where the first engines had been used to pump water from deep workings.

He encouraged Scottish immigrants to come to the area and it became a prosperous industrial centre.

Well informed by his education and Scottish upbringing on theological matters, he dealt shortly with the peevish legacy of Elizabethan Puritanism, and tried to pursue an eirenic religious policy in which he was arbiter.

Between 2007 and 2011, the Scottish Green Party supported the appointment of the SNP government under an agreement which also specified areas of common policy and gave the Greens input to the budget process and convenorship of the parliamentary committee on transport, infrastructure and climate change.

The public take part in Parliament in a way that is not the case at Westminster through Cross-Party Groups on policy topics which the interested public join and attend meetings of alongside Members of the Scottish Parliament ( MSPs ).

Although strategically successful and, historically at least, " a successful piece of policy making ", Isabella's Scottish policy was by no means popular and contributed to the general sense of discontent with the regime.

Thus was Darnley's uniquely ' British ' inheritance put to use at last ... The subsequent release of Darnley into Scotland and the restoration of his father at the Scottish Court were part of this policy: the political disaster of the Darnley marriage as yet unforeseen.

As part of the broader political conflict in the British Isles brought on by religious war, The Killing Time was characterized by a Scottish civil war between Presbyterian dissenters ( Covenanters ) and Charles II's and James VII's episcopal Anglican church policy.

Later, according to the Scottish soldier of fortune Robert Munro, 18th Baron of Foulis, when the Swedes themselves adopted a " no prisoners " policy, they would cut short any pleas for mercy with the cry of " New Brandenburg !".

The Scots instead adopted the policy of slighting, or deliberately destroying, castles captured in Scotland from the English to prevent their re-use in subsequent invasions – most of the new Scottish castles built by nobles were of the tower house design ; the few larger castles built in Scotland were typically royal castles, built by the Scottish kings.

Despite this, during his time as leader of the Labour Party Smith abolished the trade union block vote at Labour party conferences, and replaced it with " one member one vote " at the 1993 party conference and committed a future Labour government to establishing a Scottish Parliament, a policy which was followed through by his successors ( most notably his close friend Donald Dewar ) after his death.

He was a proponent of Scottish Common Sense Realism and had an important influence on French educational policy.

From this list and other evidence, Gordon Donaldson analysed the allegiances of Scottish families during the 16th century to the cause of Mary, to English or French policy, and to the Scottish Reformation, in his All the Queen's Men, ( 1983 ).

The Parliament of the United Kingdom subsequently approved the Scotland Act 1998 which created an elected Scottish Parliament with control over most domestic policy.

The new policy, dubbed " Scottish Resistance ", was unveiled in September 1981 with a logo consisting of figures with raised clenched fists.

The fundamentalist ideology within the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) is the belief that the SNP should emphasise its policy of Scottish independence more widely in order to achieve it.

McIntyre had joined the SNP in the 1930s and became a party's organiser when it was still headed by John MacCormick, but he resisted MacCormick's later attempts to change the SNP from supporting a policy of full Scottish independence to supporting a modicum of Home Rule.

In Scotland, James attempted to bring the Scottish kirk " so neir as can be " to the English church and to reestablish episcopacy, a policy which met with strong opposition from presbyterians.

The First Minister chairs the Scottish Cabinet and is primarily responsible for the formulation, development and presentation of Scottish Government policy.

William supported Lauderdale in the early stages of his Scottish policy, in which he adopted a moderate attitude towards the Presbyterians, but the two were soon alienated, through the influence of the Countess of Dysart, according to Gilbert Burnet, who spent much time at Hamilton Palace in arranging the Hamilton papers.

Current policy is that the powers devolved should be " broadly " those of the Scottish Parliament, though the list below remains the only comprehensive statement.

He was the son of a Scottish father and an American Jewish mother, long widowed, with whom he lived in a comfortable home in Flushing.

He was a member of Harmony lodge, No. 12, AF & AM, Scottish Rite ; ;

Thus the only member churches of the present Anglican Communion existing by the mid-18th century were the Church of England, its closely linked sister church, the Church of Ireland ( which also separated from Roman Catholicism under Henry VIII ) and the Scottish Episcopal Church which for parts of the 17th and 18th centuries was partially underground ( it was suspected of Jacobite sympathies ).

His father, Julius Mathison Turing ( 1873 – 1947 ), was a member of an old aristocratic family of Scottish descent who worked for the Indian Civil Service ( the ICS ).

Thomas Wallace was of Scottish ancestry.

On the death of Edgar in 1107 he succeeded to the Scottish crown ; but, in accordance with Edgar's instructions, their brother David was granted an appanage in southern Scotland.

He was born at Haddington, East Lothian, the only son of the Scottish king William the Lion and Ermengarde of Beaumont.

Alexander Anderson ( c. 1592, Aberdeen – c. 1620, Paris ) was a Scottish mathematician.

Alexander Selkirk ( 1676 – 13 December 1721 ) was a Scottish sailor who spent four years as a castaway after being marooned on an uninhabited island.

Rhoticity was further supported by Hiberno-English, West Country English and Scottish English as well as the fact most regions of England at this time also had rhotic accents.

Sir Alexander Fleming, FRSE, FRS, FRCS ( Eng ) ( 6 August 188111 March 1955 ) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist.

The Trust was funded by a gift of $ 10 million ( a then unprecedented sum: at the time, total government assistance to all four Scottish universities was about £ 50, 000 a year ) and its aim was to improve and extend the opportunities for scientific research in the Scottish universities and to enable the deserving and qualified youth of Scotland to attend a university.

Arbroath Abbey, in the Scottish town of Arbroath, was founded in 1178 by King William the Lion for a group of Tironensian Benedictine monks from Kelso Abbey.

Their first hit was Brigadoon ( 1947 ), a romantic fantasy set in a mystical Scottish village, directed by Robert Lewis.

This was a collaborative project involving The Scottish Parliament, International Teledemocracy Centre and the Bundestag ‘ Online Services Department ’.

The centre was formed by the mass of Dutch, German, Protestant Swiss and Scottish infantry – perhaps 30, 000 men – facing Offus and Ramillies.

Calvin's follower John Knox brought Presbyterianism to Scotland when the Scottish church was reformed in 1560.

In the then Victorian Colony ( now State of Victoria in Australia ), the ( Royal ) Victorian Bowling Association was formed in 1880 and The Scottish Bowling Association was established in 1892, although there had been a failed attempt in 1848 by 200 Scottish clubs.