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Seleucus went as far as India, where after two years of war he reached an agreement with Chandragupta Maurya, in which he exchanged his eastern territories for a considerable force of 500 war elephants, which would play a decisive role at Ipsus ( 301 BC ).
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Seleucus and went
The greater share of the east went to the descendants of Seleucus I Nicator.
In the year 305 BC, Seleucus I Nicator went to India and apparently occupied territory as far as the Indus, and eventually waged war with the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta Maurya:
The young boy-king is probably the same Seleucus who later went to marry a Ptolemaic princess called Berenice IV ( a sister of the famous Cleopatra VII of Egypt ) but allegedly was murdered by the discontented bride for his lack of manners.
Seleucus and far
Ptolemy III's navy, perhaps with the aid of rebels in the cities, advances against Seleucus II's forces as far as Thrace, across the Hellespont, and also captures some islands off the Anatolian coast.
* Seleucus I Nicator expands his kingdom throughout Persia as far east as India, but his advance is eventually halted by Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya dynasty of India.
Its ruler, Philetaerus, transfers his allegiance, as well as the important fortress of Pergamon and his treasury, to Seleucus, who allows him a far larger measure of independence than he had hitherto enjoyed.
Over the course of nine years ( 311 – 302 BC ), while Antigonus was occupied in the west, Seleucus brought the whole eastern part of Alexander's empire as far as the Jaxartes and Indus Rivers under his authority.
Seleucus I Nicator, a Macedonian satrap of Alexander, reconquered most of Alexander's former empire and put under his own authority the eastern territories as far as Bactria and the Indus ( Appian, History of Rome, The Syrian Wars 55 ), until in 305 BCE he entered into conflict with Chandragupta:
General Seleucus set up the Seleucid Kingdom, which extended as far as India.
Seleucus I Nicator, the Macedonian satrap of the Asian portion of Alexander's former empire, conquered and put under his own authority eastern territories as far as Bactria and the Indus ( Appian, History of Rome, The Syrian Wars 55 ), until in 305 BCE he entered in a confrontation with Chandragupta:
Accordingly, Seleucus ceded to Chandragupta his northwestern territories, possibly as far as Arachosia and received 500 war elephants ( which played a key role in the victory of Seleucus at the Battle of Ipsus ):
Seleucus and India
Seleucus invaded India ( modern Punjab Pakistan ) in 305 BC, confronting Chandragupta Maurya ( Sandrokottos ), founder of the Maurya empire.
At the time of Seleucus II's death, the empire of the Seleucids, with its capital at Antioch on the Orontes, stretches from the Aegean Sea to the borders of India and includes southern Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Persia, and northern Syria.
Seleucus also took his future wife, the Persian princess Apama ( daughter of Spitamenes ), with him into India as his mistress, where she gave birth to his bastard eldest son and successor Antiochus I Soter ( 325 BC ).
Some authors claim that the argument relating to Seleucus handing over more of what is now southern Afghanistan is an exaggeration originating in a statement by Pliny the Elder referring not specifically to the lands received by Chandragupta, but rather to the various opinions of geographers regarding the definition of the word " India ":
Seleucus obtained knowledge of most of northern India, as explained by Pliny the Elder through his numerous embassies to the Mauryan Empire:
Seleucus apparently minted coins during his stay in India, as several coins in his name are in the Indian standard and have been excavated in India.
Chandragupta's achievements, which ranged from conquering Macedonian satrapies in the northwest and conquering the Nanda Empire by the time he was only about 20 years old, to achieving an alliance with Seleucus I Nicator and establishing centralized rule throughout the Indian Subcontinent, remain some of the most celebrated in the history of India.
He was born in Asia Minor ( modern day Turkey ) and became an ambassador of Seleucus I of the Seleucid dynasty possibly to Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra, India.
After his death in 323 BC, the city passed to his general Seleucus, who traded it with the Mauryans of India in 305 BC.
Megasthenes, Seleucus I Nicator's ambassador to Chandragupta Maurya, wrote of two kinds of men to be found in India whom he explicitly describes as wild: first a creature brought to court whose toes faced backwards ; second a tribe of forest people who had no mouths and who sustained themselves with smells.
Chandragupta campaigned against the Macedonians when Seleucus I Nicator, in the process of creating the Seleucid Empire out of the eastern conquests of Alexander the Great, tried to reconquer the northwestern parts of India in 305 BCE.
Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid dynasty and one of Alexander's former generals, invaded what is now Punjab in northern India and Pakistan ) in 305 BCE.
Seleucus and where
* Antiochus III's army crosses the Hellespont into Thrace, where he claims sovereignty over territory that has been won by Seleucus I in 281 BC.
* With the aid of the Greek statesman and historian Polybius, the son of the former Seleucid king Seleucus IV Philopator, Demetrius escapes from Rome, where he has been held as a hostage for many years, and returns to Syria to claim the throne from his nephew Antiochus V. In the resulting dispute, Antiochus V and his regent, Lysias, are overthrown and put to death.
* Antigonus claims authority over most of Asia, seizes the treasury at Susa and enters Babylon, where Seleucus is governor.
* Demetrius Poliorcetes is deserted by his troops and surrenders to Seleucus at Cilicia, where Seleucus keeps him a prisoner.
Seleucus returned to Cyprus, where Ptolemy I had sent his brother Menelaos along with 10, 000 mercenaries and 100 ships.
Seleucus hid his armies in the marshes that surrounded the area where Nicanor was planning to cross the Tigris and made a surprise attack during the night.
The Babylonian War began between Antigonus and Seleucus, where Seleucus defeated both Demetrius and Antigonus, and secured Babylonia.
However, the score was evened the next year ( 95 BC ) by Antiochus X Eusebes, the son of Antiochus Cyzicenus, and Seleucus was forced to flee from Syria to Mopsuestia in Cilicia, where he set up his court, allegedly in luxurious style.
In 302 BC, when the second affiance between Cassander, Ptolemy I and Seleucus I was made, Lysimachus, reinforced by troops from Cassander, entered Asia Minor, where he met with little resistance.
He lived for some time at the court of Seleucus I Nicator, where he acquired great reputation by discovering the disease of Antiochus I Soter, the king's eldest son, probably 294 BC.
It is probable that Seleucus I Nicator, then an Admiral under Ptolemy's command, also took part in the battle, as following the battle he was given 800 infantry and 200 cavalry and immediately travelled to Babylon where he founded the Seleucid Empire
We do not know who commanded the right wing, nor where Lysimachus, Seleucus or Pleistarchus were stationed.
In 305 BC, Seleucus I led an army to the Indus, where he encountered Chandragupta.
Greek presence in Arachosia, where Greek populations had been living since before the acquisition of the territory by Chandragupta from Seleucus, is mentioned by Isidore of Charax.
In 300 BC, at which time she could not have been more than seventeen years of age, her hand was solicited by Seleucus, king of Syria, and she was conducted by her father Demetrius to Rhosus, on the Pierian coast ( in Macedonia ), where her nuptials were celebrated with the utmost magnificence.
While he was thus engaged, Stratonice took advantage of his absence to raise a revolt against him at Antioch ; but she was easily expelled from that city on the return of Seleucus, and took refuge in Seleucia, where she was besieged, taken prisoner, and put to death.
Seleucus and after
About 385-380 BC the philhellene Evagoras of Salamis was similarly opposed by Amathus, in conjunction with Citium and Soli ; and even after Alexander the city resisted annexation, and was bound over to give hostages to Seleucus.
Magnentius was defeated at the battles of Mursa Major and Mons Seleucus, committing suicide after the latter.
Seleucus ' empire reached its greatest extent following his defeat of his erstwhile ally, Lysimachus, at Corupedion in 281 BC, after which Seleucus expanded his control to encompass western Anatolia.
Although initially unsuccessful in the Fourth Syrian War against Egypt, which led to a defeat at the Battle of Raphia ( 217 BC ), Antiochus would prove himself to be the greatest of the Seleucid rulers after Seleucus I himself.
The only other astronomer from antiquity known by name who supported Aristarchus ' heliocentric model was Seleucus of Seleucia, a Hellenistic astronomer who lived a century after Aristarchus.
Bactria became a part of the Seleucid Empire, named after its founder, Seleucus I.
* Philip I Philadelphus and Antiochus XI Ephiphanes succeed as co-rulers after the deposition of Seleucus VI Epiphanes.
* Seleucus founds the city of Antioch, some 20 miles up the Orontes River, naming it after his father.
* Seleucus II dies after a fall from his horse and is succeeded by his eldest son Seleucus III Soter.
The only other astronomer of antiquity who is known by name and who is known to have supported Aristarchus ' heliocentric model was Seleucus of Seleucia, a Hellenistic astronomer who lived a century after Aristarchus.
Seleucus has reportedly instigated the marriage after discovering that his son by his late wife Apama was in danger of dying of lovesickness as he has fallen in love with his beautiful stepmother.
* The Macedonian King, Demetrius Poliorcetes, faces a combined attack from Lysimachus and Phyrrhus, king of Epirus, after Seleucus, Ptolemy and Lysimachus form a coalition to block plans by Demetrius to invade Asia Minor.
In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire.
Later, Seleucus named a number of cities after his parents.
Seleucus was chosen to command the Companion cavalry ( hetaroi ) and appointed first or court chiliarch, which made him the senior officer in the Royal Army after the regent and commander-in-chief Perdiccas.
After hearing this, Antigonus sent soldiers after Seleucus, who had however first escaped to Mesopotamia and then to Syria.
Soon after Seleucus ' return, the supporters of Antigonus tried to get Babylon back.
Seleucus made Seleucia his new capital, thus imitating Lysimachus, Cassander and Antigonus, all of whom had named cities after themselves.
However, Asoka's Edicts were inscribed two generations after any territorial handover by Seleucus and, for this reason, it is equally possible that the land in which these Edicts are to be found was incorporated into the Mauryan empire by Bindusara, Chandragupta's son and successor, or Asoka himself.
The Hellenistic world view after Seleucus: ancient world map of Eratosthenes ( 276 – 194 BC ), incorporating information from the campaigns of Alexander and his successors.
His son Demetrius was defeated at the Battle of Gaza by Ptolemy in 312 BC, and after the battle, Seleucus made his way back to Babylonia.
:" Soon after, relieved by the death of Theodotus uses a erroneous version of the name, Arsaces made peace and concluded an alliance with his son, also by the name of Theodotus ; some time later he fought against Seleucus who came to punish the rebels, and he prevailed: the Parthians celebrated this day as the one that marked the beginning of their freedom " ( Justin, XLI, 4 )
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