The Islamic Supreme Council of America ( ISCA ) is a sufi based religious organization and think tank allegedly closely associated with the neoconservative lobby in the United States founded by the Naqshbandi Shaykh Hisham Kabbani.

The Naqshbandi Shaykh Hisham Kabbani, founding member and current chairman of ISCA, is critical of the Council on American-Islamic Relations ( CAIR ) and the American Muslim Council, saying, " There are many Muslim organizations that claim to speak on behalf of the Muslim community but that in reality are not moderate, but extremist.

Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani descends from a long line of scholars, and was born in Beirut, Lebanon.

* Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Islamic Supreme Council of America ( June 2004 ), ISBN 1-930409-23-0.

This stand is also supported by Saudi scholars such as Shaykh Muhammad Bin Saalih al -' Uthaymeen who have issued fatwā saying Suicide bombings are haram and those who commit this act are not shaheed ( martyrs ).

Rather than Satanic, however, Yazidism is better understood as a remnant of a pre-Islamic Middle Eastern Indo-European religion, and / or a ghulat Sufi movement founded by Shaykh Adi.

Shaykh Zainuddin Makhdum's " Tuhfat al-Mujahidin " also is a reliable work.

There are four main tariqas in Sufism: the Naqshbandi Order ( named after Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari ), the Chishti Order ( named after Khawaja Moduud Chisti while Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti is most famous Sufi Saint of this order ), the Qadiri Order ( named after Shaykh ` Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī ), and the Suhrawardi Order ( named after Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi ).

Sheikh ( pronounced or ;, mostly pronounced, plural )— also spelled Sheik or Shaikh or Shekh, or transliterated as Shaykh — is an honorific in the Arabic language that literally means " elder " and carries the meaning " leader and / or governor ".

Stephen Hartenstein writes in his book Unlimited Mercifier: “ It is from his return from Tunis, we find the first evidence of Ibn ‘ Arabī beginning to write ; later in 1194, he wrote one of his first major works, Mashāhid al-Asrār al-Qudusiyya ( Contemplation of the Holy Mysteries ) for the companions of al-Mahdawī and perhaps around the same time, in a space of four days, also composed the voluminous Tadbīrāt al-Ilāhiyya ( Divine Governance ) in Mawrūr for Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al-Mawrūrī .” ( Hirtenstein 91 )

In other words, Prince Faisal was backed by the religious establishment, which is headed by the Al Shaykh the descendants of Muhammad bin Abd al Wahab.

It is said to be by the blessing of Shaykh Salim Chishti that Akbar's first surviving child, the future Jahangir, was born.

Maqam of Shaykh Rabi is located on a steep hill above the village, surrounded by a cemetery.

By the north wall is the elongated cenotaph of Shaykh Rabi.

The Maqam Shaykh Alami is situated south of the mosque, within its enclosure.

The shrine of Shaykh Abu Muhammad al-Qurayshi still stands but its stone pedestal is badly cracked.

He also narrates Shaykh Tusi that this event, i. e. returning the head to the body, happened forty days after Ashura and it is for this reason, there are specific rituals for this day.

The Hamawiyyah branch, founded by Shaykh Hamallah, is centered in Nioro, Mali, and is also present in Senegal, Côte d ' Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Niger.

" However, beyond a reference of Tansen's name in a list of his disciples Miyan Tansen's name is not found among the names of the Mureeds ( Fans ) of the Shuttari Tariqat-a Sufi spiritual lineage founded by Shaykh Muhammad Ghaus of Gwalior.

You cannot find in the countries we have named and countries we have not named, a place where the touch of Shaykh Nazim is not felt.

Thus he is known as the multicolored, Universal Shaykh.

‘ Ushshaq-namah () was, according to legend, written during ‘ Iraqi's time in service to Shaykh and is dedicated to Shamsuddin Juwayni the vizier.

The male lineage of the Safavid family given by the oldest manuscript of the Safwat as-Safa is :"( Shaykh ) Safi al-Din Abul-Fatah Ishaaq the son of Al-Shaykh Amin al-din Jebrail the son of al-Saaleh Qutb al-Din Abu Bakr the son of Salaah al-Din Rashid the son of Muhammad al-Hafiz al-Kalaam Allah the son of Javaad the son of Pirooz al-Kurdi al-Sanjani ( Piruz Shah Zarin Kolah the Kurd of Sanjan )" similar to the ancestry of Sheykh Safi al-Din's father in law, Sheikh Zahed Gilani, who also hailed from Sanjan, in Greater Khorassan.

Along with Shaykh Abdur Rahman, Islam is alleged to have masterminded the bombing.

The first Ismaili Centre in the Middle East was opened in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on March 26, 2008 by the Aga Khan in the presence of senior members of the ruling family of Dubai .< ref > See < http :// www. theismaili. org / cms / 252 / Opening-of-the-Ismaili-Centre-Dubai > which includes links to speeches, press releases and photographs covering the event .</ ref > The Centre, built on land donated by the Shaykh Mohammed b. Rashid al-Maktoum, Dubai ’ s ruler in 1982, is the first such Centre in the Middle East.

In a few areas, notably Dagestan and Chechnya, there is a tradition of Sunni Sufism, which is represented by Naqshbandi and Shadhili schools, whose spiritual master Shaykh Said Afandi al-Chirkawi receives hundreds of visitor daily.

In the negotiations subsequently conducted for the release of the agents, an agreement was reached with the Jordanian authorities whereby, in exchange for the release of Shaykh Yasin, the founder and spiritual leader of Hamas, and a number of other prisoners held in Israel, they would release the Israeli agents and allow them to return to Israel.

Perhaps the most well known spiritual guides ( murshideen ) in the West of this branch of the Shadhili tariqa are Sheikh Nuh Ha Mim Keller and Shaykh Muhammad al-Ya ’ qoubi.

When asked who his spiritual master was, he used to reply, ‘ I used to be the close follower of ‘ Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish, but I am no more the close follower of any human master .’ Shaykh Abul-Abbas al-Mursi ( d. 1288 ), who succeeded Shaykh ash-Shadhili as the next spiritual master of the Order, was asked about the knowledge of his spiritual master and replied, ‘ He gave me forty sciences.

Shaykh Abdur Rahman, also known as Abdur Rahman Shaykh, ( died March 30, 2007 ) was the spiritual leader and the administrative head of the banned terrorist organization Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh ().

The special companions of Abul Abbas Mawlana Ahmed ibn Mohammed Tijani were graced to inherit Shaykh Tijani's spiritual methodology of initiation ( tarbiya ) and promotion ( tarqiya ).

Shaykh Ahmad's teachings included that the Imams were spiritual beings and thus, in contrast to the widespread Shi ' a belief, that the Imams existed within spiritual bodies, and not material bodies.

The expression " Red Heads " is derived from their distinctive twelve gored crimson headwear ( tāj or tark in Persian ; sometimes specifically titled " Haydar's Crown " / تاج حیدر / Tāj-e Ḥaydar ), indicating their adherence to the twelve Ithnā ‘ asharī Imāms and to Shaykh Haydar, the spiritual leader ( sheikh ) of the Ṣafaviyya movement.

Famous local Sheikhs include Abdirahman bin Isma ' il al-Jabarti, an early Muslim leader in northern Somalia ; Abadir Umar Ar-Rida, the patron saint of Harar ; Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Sheikh of the riwaq in Cairo who recorded the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt ; Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla ' i, scholar who played a crucial role in the spread of the Qadiriyyah movement in Somalia and East Africa ; Shaykh Sufi, 19th century scholar, poet, reformist and astrologist ; Abdallah al-Qutbi, polemicist, theologian and philosopher best known for his five-part Al-Majmu ' at al-mubaraka (" The Blessed Collection "); and Muhammad Al-Sumaalee, teacher in the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca who influenced many of the prominent Islamic scholars of today.

* Shaykh Muhammad Al-Sumaalee ( 1910-2005 ) – Somali scholar and teacher in the Masjid Al-Haram in Mecca.

* Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Ibraaheem Aal ash-Shaykh appointed him a teacher for beginners and his assistant, so whenever he was absent he would cover for him.

Shaykh Tijani took the Khalwatiya from him and was reinitiated into it by the leading teacher in Cairo, Sidi Mahmoud al-Kurdi al-Iraqi al-Misri ( d. 1771 )— another teacher of the Fasite Sidi Abul Mawahib Abdelwahhab Tazi ( d. 1783 ; direct heir of Moulay Abd al-Aziz Dabbagh on whom Kitab al-Ibriz was written ; d. 1717 ).

* Shaykh Sufi, 19th century scholar, poet, reformist and astrologist

Early Chishti shaykhs adopted concepts and doctrines outlined in two influential Sufi texts: the ʿAwārif al-Maʿārif of Shaykh Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī and the Kashf al-Maḥdjūb of Hudjwīrī.

A mosque was located in the village center, it was maintained by the followers of al-tariqa al-khalwatiyya, a Sufi mystic order founded by Shaykh Umar al-Khalwati ( d. 1397 ) The villagers expanded and renovated the mosque in the 1930s, and added a tall minaret.

The seventeenth-century traveller al-Nabulsi recorded that the tomb ( qabr ) of Shaykh Ibrahim Abi Arqub was located in the village, while the Sufi traveller al-Bakri al-Siddiqi visited Hamama in the mid-eighteenth century, after leaving al-Jura.

He encountered a certain Shaykh Borhã noddin who gathered donations for the Sufi congregation of the Shrine of Abu Es ’ hã q-e Kã zeruni in Kã zerun, Iran.

‘ Iraqi would become good friends with Rumi however Quanwi would become a second Sufi master to ‘ Iraqi who helped to shape him intellectually, as Shaykh shaped him spiritually.

Ahmadou Bamba, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké ( 1853 – 1927 ) ( Aamadu Bamba Mbàkke in Wolof, Shaykh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb Allāh () also known as Khadīmu ' l-Rasūl () or " The Servant of the messenger ", and as Sëriñ Tuubaa or " Cheikh of Tuubaa " in Wolof ), was a Muslim Sufi religious leader in Senegal and the founder of the large Mouride Brotherhood ( the Muridiyya ).

Outstanding figures of the Qadiriyah in Somalia included Shaykh Awes Mahammad Baraawi ( d. 1909 ), who spread the teaching of the Sufi order in the southern interior.

Modern day Sufi shaykhs with large followers in Turkey include Shaykh Mehmet Effendi ( residing in Istanbul ) and Mawlana Sheikh Nazim Al-Haqqani who resides in Lefka, North Cyprus.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the primary scholar of the Muslim Brotherhood movement, and Presently Supreme seat of learning Al Azhar University Cairo, Islamic Scholar Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri, Muhammad Ilyas Qadri the founder of Dawat e Islami, Akhtar Raza Khan, Grand Mufti of India, Gibril Haddad, Shaykh Said Afandi al-Chirkawi, and Zaid Shakir, subscribing to Sufi Islam, and have given their approval for the observance of Mawlid.

Blackburn, UK Under supervision of Shaykh Sufi Riaz Ahmed Naqshbandi Aslami

Various pious Muslims, among them the Qadi of Bengal and the seminal Sufi personality Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi, responded by declaring this to be blasphemy to Islam.

* Shaykh Sufi ( 1829 – 1904 ) – 19th century Somali scholar, poet, reformist and astrologist.

The Shaykh Ahmad Al-Badawī ( or Al-Sayyid Al-Badawī ) was a Muslim founder of the Badawiyyah Sufi order.

Meanwhile Shaykh Tijani busied himself with meeting Sufi teachers.

On his journey to the East, Shaykh Tijani was keen to meet the noted Sufi Shaykhs of the time-just like he did in the Maghreb.

Najmuddīn-e Kubrā () or Najm al-Din Kubra, ( Shaykh Abū al-Jannāb Ahmad ibn ‘ Umar ) was a 13th-century Persian Sufi from Khwarezmia, the founder of the Kubrawiyya or Kubraviyah Sufi order, influential in the Ilkhanid and Timurid.

These actions however met with stiff opposition from the Muslim clergy, especially the Sufi Shaykh Alf Sani Ahmad Sirhindi.

Imām Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī ( 1564 – 1624 ) was an Indian Islamic scholar from Punjab, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order.