The Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, the highest religious authority in Egypt, issued a statement that FGM had no basis in core Islamic law, and this enabled the government to outlaw it entirely.

In the modern Islamic Republic of Iran the rahbar ( Supreme Leader, at present Ali Khamenei ) serves as head of state, above the elected ( sometimes lay ) president, who is formally the constitutional head of government.

** Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council ( al-Majlis al-alalith-thaura l-islamiyya fil-Iraq )-led by Ammar al-Hakim

A modified form of this wilayat al-faqih system was adopted after Khomeini and his followers took power, and Khomeini was the Islamic Republic's first " Guardian " or Supreme Leader.

* March 4 – the Supreme Court of Algeria bans the Islamic Salvation Front, which was poised to win control of the Parliament of Algeria in runoff elections.

The Tunisian legal system is based on French civil law system and Islamic law ; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session.

However, the Supreme Court affirmed its October 14 ruling that declared unconstitutional the initialed MOA-AD between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front on November 21, 2008.

In addition there are nontransparent unelected organizations ( usually under Supreme Leader's control ) trying to " protect the state's Islamic character ".

* the Iran-supported Iraqi Shi ' a groups Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council and Islamic Dawa Party

The Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq ( ISCI or SIIC ) ( Al-Majlis Al-A ' ala Al-Islami Al -' Iraqi ), ( previously known as the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq ( SCIRI )) is an Iraqi political party.

In light of its gains in the three 2005 elections and government appointments, the Supreme Iraqi Islamic Council became one of Iraq's most powerful political parties and was the largest party in the Iraqi Council of Representatives until the 2010 Iraqi elections, where it lost support due to Nuri Al-Maliki's political party rise.

Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution of Iraq was founded in 1982 during the Iran – Iraq War after the leading Islamist insurgent group, Islamic Dawa Party, was severely weakened by a government crackdown following Dawa's unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Iraqi president Saddam Hussein.

Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, leader of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, casts his ballot at a poll station in Baghdad in the January, 2005 election.

* Sahib al-Fadhilah ( صاحب الفضيلة ) ( His Eminence )-The State Deputy Muftis, Qadhis, Grand Imam of the State Mosque and Islamic Affairs Officer to the Supreme King.

* Islamic Supreme Council of America

de: Islamic Supreme Council of America

The anti-Saddam resistance group based in Iran, the Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, confirmed that the Shiite revolt was taking place in Basra.

Before serving as president, Khatami had been a representative in the parliament from 1980 to 1982, supervisor of the Kayhan Institute, Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance ( 1982 – 1986 ), and then for a second term from 1989 to May 24, 1992 ( when he resigned ), the head of the National Library of Iran from 1992 to 1997, and a member of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution.

His mandate derives from the Dayton Agreement, as confirmed by the Peace Implementation Council, an ad hoc body with a Steering Board composed of representatives of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the UK, the United States, the presidency of the European Union, the European Commission, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

Both being predominantly Arab countries they are members of the Arab League, GAFTA, WTO, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Council of Arab Economic Unity and the United Nations.

" Al-Obeikan, however, was subsequently removed from his position as advisor to the royal cabinet in May 2012 after opposing moves to relax gender segregation, and in August of 2012, Obeikan ’ s morning radio show “ Fatwas on Air ,” in which he would issue daily fatwas, was canceled after a royal decree that authorizes only members of the Council of Senior Islamic Scholars to issue fatwas.

In mid-October 2006, a statement was released, stating that the Mujahideen Shura Council had been disbanded and was replaced by the " Islamic State of Iraq ".

Enforced by the country's Islamic Ideology Council, the ban is strictly policed.

Saudi Arabia joined the UN in 1945 and is a founder member of the Arab League, Gulf Cooperation Council, Muslim World League, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

In 1993, Sudan transformed into an Islamic totalitarian single-party state as al-Bashir abolished the Revolutionary Command Council and created the National Islamic Front ( NIF ) with a new parliament and government obtained solely by members of the NIF, and proclaimed himself President of Sudan.

With the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation abolished in 1993 and the ruling National Islamic Front ( NIF ) forming the National Congress Party ( NCP ), the new party included some non-Muslim members ; mainly Southern Sudanese politicians, some of whom were appointed as ministers or state governors.

* Islamic Sharia Council – a United Kingdom court with no legal authority

* The Islamic Sharia Council UK

The Council of Guardians, considered part of the executive branch of government, is responsible for determining if legislation is in line with Islamic law and customs ( the Sharia ), and can bar candidates from elections, and greenlight or ban investigations into the election process.

* February 3 – Khomeini creates the Council of the Islamic Revolution.

Albania is a member of more than 48 different international organizations including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation., the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization and La Francophonie.

William wrote an account of the Lateran Council and a history of the Islamic states from the time of Muhammad.

These groups came under the umbrella of the " Council for the Islamic Revolution ", which was supervised by Ayatollah Hussein Ali Montazeri, the designated heir of Ayatollah Khomeini.

Between 1922 and 1924, the Dome of the Rock was restored by the Islamic Higher Council.

The opposition led by Islamic parties boycotted the 2002 election in protest at the bicameral nature of the parliament, because the appointed upper chamber, the Shura Council, has the power to veto legislation.

Sheikh Abdullah Al Ghraifi, the deputy head of the Islamic Scholars Council, gave a clear warning of the clerics ' intent: " We have at our disposition 150, 000 votes that we will forward to the MPs, and I hope that they understand this message clearly.

Shia and Sunni Islamic parties have both criticised the government over the composition of the appointed Shura Council, after it was given a strongly liberal majority, with Al Meethaq being the biggest group in the chamber.

America has done this for decades without suffering the consequences of any punishment or protests about their oppressive and prejudiced position from the Islamic world.

The study finds the term now most likely to be used by Liberals in connection with discussions of Muslim and Islamic inclusion in America, and renewed debate about the separation of church and state.

It is used more than ever by some Conservative thinkers and journalists, who use it to discuss the Islamic threat to America, the dangers of multiculturalism, and moral decay in a materialist, secular age.

File: Islamic Center of America. jpg | The Islamic Center of America in Dearborn, Michigan.

* 1997 – The United States of America imposes economic sanctions against Sudan in response to its human rights abuses of its own citizens and its material and political assistance to Islamic extremist groups across the Middle East and Eastern Africa.

* 1979-81-Iran becomes an Islamic republic after the overthrow of American-backed shah ; militants seize 63 American diplomats for 444 days during the Iran hostage crisis ; America seizes $ 12 billion in Iranian assets ; American rescue effort fails ; hostages and assets are freed on January 20, 1981.

Guyana continues to be influenced by British culture as well distantly with the cultures of the United States, Europe, Africa, the Islamic world, East and South Asian countries, and Latin America, esp.

Several countries once had diplomatic relations with Israel, but have since broken or suspended them ( Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela in Latin America ; Mauritania in the Arab League ; Chad, Guinea, Mali and Niger in non-Arab Africa ; and Iran until the Islamic revolution ).

The current structure, built over the period 1980 – 1983, is the first mosque in North America to use classic Islamic architecture.

They cite, for instance, the current existence of financial institutions in Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, the Dar-al-Mal-al-Islami in Geneva and Islamic trust companies in North America.

As part of an agreement reached between CAIR officials and Nike representatives, Nike apologized to the Muslim community, recalled the products carrying the design, launched an investigation as to how the logo came about, and built a number of children's playgrounds near some Islamic centers in America.

Along with 300 other organizations, they listed CAIR ( and its chairman emeritus, Omar Ahmad ), Islamic Society of North America ( largest Muslim umbrella organization in the United States ), Muslim American Society and North American Islamic Trust as unindicted co-conspirators, a legal designation that can be employed for a variety of reasons including grants of immunity, pragmatic considerations, and evidentiary concerns.

* Islamic Society of North America

* Israr Ahmed, ( April 26, 1932 – April 14, 2010 ) was a Pakistani Islamic theologian followed particularly in South Asia and also among the South Asian diaspora in the Middle East, Western Europe, and North America.

The cultural left in this country is responsible for causing 9 / 11 ... the cultural left and its allies in Congress, the media, Hollywood, the non-profit sector and the universities are the primary cause of the volcano of anger toward America that is erupting from the Islamic world.

Al-rashid Islamic Institute is the first Islamic school of any kind in North America, providing higher educations Islamic studies with the boarding facility.