In 1088 AD, the polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo once wrote of the artwork of one Li Cheng, who he criticized as follows:

Shen proposed that the cliff was once the location of an ancient seashore that by his time had shifted hundreds of miles east.

Around the year 1080, Shen Kuo noted that a landslide on the bank of a large river near Yanzhou ( modern Yan ' an ) had revealed an open space several dozens of feet under the ground once the bank collapsed.

With his demonstrations of loyalty and ability, Shen Kuo was awarded the honorary title of a State Foundation Viscount by Emperor Shenzong of Song ( r. 1067 – 1085 ), who placed a great amount of trust in Shen Kuo.

The polymath Chinese scientist Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) devoted a significant amount of his written work to geography, as well as a hypothesis of land formation ( geomorphology ) due to the evidence of marine fossils found far inland, along with bamboo fossils found underground in a region far from where bamboo was suitable to grow.

This space includes Xiao Chang ( small intestine ), Da Chang ( large intestine ), Shen ( Kidneys ), Pang Guang ( Bladder ) and is associated with elimination.

Sal Restivo writes that Shen used summation of higher series to ascertain the number of kegs which could be piled in layers in a space shaped like the frustum of a rectangular pyramid.

This underground space contained hundreds of petrified bamboos still intact with roots and trunks, " all turned to stone " as Shen Kuo wrote.

In 1063 Shen Kuo successfully passed the Imperial examinations, the difficult national-level standard test that every high official was required to pass in order to enter the governmental system.

In collaboration with Shen Lin he devised well-known heuristics for two NP-complete optimization problems: graph partitioning and the travelling salesman problem.

In China, the polymath Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation: based on his observation of fossil animal shells in a geological stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.

( in the Book of the Devil Valley Master ), A main contributor to this field was Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ), a polymath scientist and statesman who was the first to describe the magnetic-needle compass used for navigation, as well as discovering the concept of true north.

If not for Shen Kuo's writing, the inventor of movable type printing, Bi Sheng ( 990-1051 ).

" The ancient Chinese scientist Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) was the first person to write of the magnetic needle compass and that it improved the accuracy of navigation by employing the astronomical concept of true north ( Dream Pool Essays, AD 1088 ), and by the 12th century the Chinese were known to use the lodestone compass for navigation.

The " old style " verse ( gushi ) is less formally strict than the jintishi, or regulated verse, which, despite the name " new style " verse actually had its theoretical basis laid as far back to Shen Yue, in the 5th or 6th century, although not considered to have reached its full development until the time of Chen Zi ' ang ( 661-702 ) A good example of a poet known for his gushi poems is Li Bai.

A star catalogue is featured in one of the chapters of the late 2nd-century-BC history work Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian ( 145-86 BC ) and contains the " schools " of Shi Shen and Gan De's work ( i. e. the different constellations they allegedly focused on for astrological purposes ).

Shen Lin and Brian Kernighan first published their method in 1972, and it was the most reliable heuristic for solving travelling salesman problems for nearly two decades.

* September 1 – In Beijing, police arrest Shen Tong for his role in organizing the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

* The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo is appointed as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy, where he begins his groundbreaking work with the colleague Wei Pu on accurately plotting the orbital paths of the stars, planets, and moon three times a night for a continuum of five years.

* Zhu Yu's book is the first to report the use of a magnetic compass for navigation at sea, although the first actual description of the magnetic compass is by another Chinese writer Shen Kuo in his Dream Pool Essays published in 1088.

* The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo solves a heated border dispute with the Liao Dynasty by dredging up old diplomatic records ; he refutes Emperor Daozong of Liao's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt.

According to Shen, the trigger for the famous Tiananmen hunger-strikes of 1989 was a big-character poster ( dazibao ), a form of public political discussion that gained prominence during the Cultural Revolution.

Rhubarb has been used for medical purposes by the Chinese for thousands of years, and appears in The Divine Farmer's Herb-Root Classic, which legend attributes to the mythical Shen Nung, the Yan Emperor, but is thought to have been compiled about 2700 years ago.

Shen Kuo's Dream Pool Essays argued against traditional Chinese beliefs in anatomy ( such as his argument for two throat valves instead of three ); this perhaps spurred the interest in the performance of post-mortem autopsies in China during the 12th century.

Shen Kuo was also known for hydraulic clockworks, as he invented a new overflow-tank clepsydra which had more efficient higher-order interpolation instead of linear interpolation in calibrating the measure of time.

The Sheng ' an waiji ( 升庵外集 ) collection by the poet Yang Shen ( 楊慎, 1488 – 1559 ) gives different 5th and 9th names for the dragon's nine children: the taotie ( 饕餮 ), which loves to eat and is found on food-related wares, and the jiaotu ( 椒圖 ), which looks like a conch or clam, does not like to be disturbed, and is used on the front door or the doorstep.

* Shen Dao, Chinese philosopher known for his blend of Legalism and Taoism ( approximate date ) ( d. c. 275 BC )

In about 2800 BCE the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung sent collectors to distant regions searching for plants with economic or medicinal value.

His father Shen Yongxi ( 沈永錫 ) taught and designed the curriculum for his son, but he died when Mao Dun was ten.

Along with experimenting with the pinhole camera and the burning mirror of the ancient Mohists, the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 CE ) Chinese scientist Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) experimented with camera obscura and was the first to establish geometrical and quantitative attributes for it.

Joey Starr and Kool Shen started learning how to dance and defined their own style, smurf for Joey Starr and break dancing for Kool Shen.

Cao Shen was named by Gaozu as the person who made the most contributions in battle.

When Zhang's army was defeated, Shen took up guerilla warfare and died in battle.

Shen shu and Yu lei carry a battle axe and a mace, respectively.

During the Fang La campaign, Shi Jin makes a major achievement by slaying the enemy general Shen Gang during the battle of Runzhou.

* The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo begins his defensive military campaign against the Tanguts of the Western Xia Kingdom, successfully defending the invasion route to Yan ' an.

* A military campaign advised by Shen Kuo fails.

The Song Dynasty managed to win several military victories over the Tanguts in the early 11th century, culminating in a campaign led by the polymath scientist, general, and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ).

However, this campaign was ultimately a failure due to a rival military officer of Shen disobeying direct orders, and the territory gained from the Western Xia was eventually lost.

The mother of the scientist, general, diplomat, and statesman Shen Kuo taught him essentials of military strategy.

Shen was initially trained for a career in the military.

In his career as a scholar-official for the central government, Shen Kuo was also an ambassador to the Western Xia Dynasty and Liao Dynasty, a military commander, a director of hydraulic works, and the leading chancellor of the Hanlin Academy.

A few years after Song Dynasty military forces had made victorious territorial gains against the Tanguts of the Western Xia, in 1080 Shen Kuo was entrusted as a military officer in defense of Yanzhou ( modern-day Yan ' an, Shaanxi province ).

The Emperor Shenzong of Song rewarded Shen with numerous titles for his merit in these battles, and in the sixteen months of Shen's military campaign, he received 273 letters from the Emperor.

However, Emperor Shenzong trusted an arrogant military officer who disobeyed the emperor and Shen's proposal for strategic fortifications, instead fortifying what Shen considered useless strategic locations.

The military governor Duan Wenchang ( a former chancellor ) and the imperial scholar Li Shen both made secret pleas to Qian for certain examinees.

However, when the results were announced, the examinees that Duan and Li Shen recommended were not given passing results, while among those passing the examinations were Zheng Lang, the brother of the examination bureau ( 門下省, Menxia Sheng ) official Zheng Tan ; Pei Zhuan ( 裴譔 ) the son of the military governor Pei Du ( also a former chancellor ); Li Zongmin's son-in-law Su Chao ( 蘇巢 ); and Yang Rushi's brother Yang Yinshi ( 楊殷士 ).

Things quickly turned for the worse, however, after Emperor Dezong angered both Zhu and Wang by not giving them what they believed they deserved — in Zhu's case, control of Chengde's Shen Prefecture ( 深州, in modern Hengshui, Hebei ), and in Wang's case, title as military governor.

Emperor Dezong ordered the military governors around Zhangyi — including Yu Di the military governor of Shannan East Circuit, Han Hong ( Liu Xuanzuo's nephew ) the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit, Yi Shen ( 伊慎 ) the military governor of Anhuang Circuit ( 安黃, headquartered in modern Xiaogan, Hubei ), and Shangguan Shui ( 上官涗 ) the military governor of Chenxu Circuit ( 陳許, headquartered in modern Xuchang, Henan ) — to attack Wu.