A few years later in 1967, Siegbahn published a comprehensive study on XPS bringing instant recognition of the utility of XPS, which he referred to as ESCA ( Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ).

Siegbahn obtained the Nobel Prize for developing the method of Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ( ESCA ), now usually described as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ).

* XPS is also known as ESCA, an abbreviation for electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis introduced by Kai Siegbahn and his research group.

Bloembergen shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Arthur Schawlow and Kai Siegbahn for their work in laser spectroscopy.

He is best remembered for his work on lasers, for which he shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn.

Schawlow shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for their contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy.

Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn ForMemRS ( 3 December 1886 – 26 September 1978 ) was a Swedish physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 " for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy ".

He developed a convention for naming the different spectral lines that are characteristic to elements in X-ray spectroscopy, the Siegbahn notation.

They had two children: Bo Siegbahn ( 1915 – 2008 ), a diplomat and politician, and Kai Siegbahn ( 1918 – 2007 ), a physicist, who also received the Nobel Prize in Physics, in 1981, for his contribution to the development of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Siegbahn was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1981 for this work.

* Siegbahn notation, spectroscopic notation for x-ray lines introduced by Manne Siegbahn

In November 1990, Fuglesang obtained a position at the Manne Siegbahn Institute of Physics, Stockholm, but remained stationed at CERN for another year working towards the new Large Hadron Collider project.

For example, the values for and are the same for all lines ( in Siegbahn notation ), so the formula can be rewritten thus:

* Manne Siegbahn ( 1886 – 1978 ), Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.

This body, the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements ( ICRU ), came into being at the Second ICR in Stockholm in 1928 under the chairmanship Manne Siegbahn and at their first meeting proposed that one unit X-Ray dose should be defined as the quantity of X-rays that would produce one esu of charge in one cubic centimetre of dry air at 0 ° C and a standard atmosphere.

* Bo Siegbahn ( 1915 – 2008 ), Swedish diplomat

* Kai Siegbahn ( 1918 – 2007 ), Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in 1981

* Manne Siegbahn ( 1886 – 1978 ), Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in 1924

The institute research groups have been reorganized since, but the name lives on in the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory hosted by Stockholm University.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) was developed by Kai Siegbahn starting in 1957 and is used to study the energy levels of atomic core electrons, primarily in solids.

In cooperation with Siegbahn, a small group of engineers ( Mike Kelly, Charles Bryson, Lavier Faye, Robert Chaney ) at Hewlett-Packard in the USA, produced the first commercial monochromatic XPS instrument in 1969.

The turbomolecular pump was invented in 1958 by Becker, based on the older molecular drag pumps developed by Gaede in 1913, Holweck in 1923 and Siegbahn in 1944.

In 1920 and 1921 he did research at Lund University under Manne Siegbahn, on X-ray spectroscopy of different elements.

Siegbahn is the surname of:

The Siegbahn notation is used in X-ray spectroscopy to name the spectral lines that are characteristic to elements.

Originally defined by the Swedish physicist Manne Siegbahn ( 1886 – 1978 ) in 1925, the x unit could not at that time be measured directly ; the definition was instead made in terms of the spacing between planes of the calcite crystals used in the measuring apparatus.

Karl Manne Siegbahn, Nobel Prize in Physics.

* April 20 – Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 2007 )

* September 26 – Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1886 )

* December 3 – Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1978 )

After WWII, Kai Siegbahn and his group in Uppsala ( Sweden ) developed several significant improvements in the equipment and in 1954 recorded the first high-energy-resolution XPS spectrum of cleaved sodium chloride ( NaCl ) revealing the potential of XPS.

Siegbahn received the Nobel Prize in 1981 to acknowledge his extensive efforts to develop XPS into a useful analytical tool.

Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn ( 20 April 1918 – 20 July 2007 ) was a Swedish physicist.

Siegbahn was born in Lund, Sweden, son of Manne Siegbahn the 1924 physics Nobel Prize winner.

Siegbahn earned his doctorate at the University of Stockholm in 1944.

* Kai M. Siegbahn – Curriculum Vitae at nobelprize. org

pl: Kai M. Siegbahn

tr: Kai M. Siegbahn

Siegbahn was born in Örebro, Sweden.

In 1937, Siegbahn was appointed Director of the Physics Department of the Nobel Institute of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

* Strumming is a less common technique in classical guitar, and is often referred to by the Spanish term " rasgueo ," or for strumming patterns " rasgueado ," and uses the backs of the fingernails.

Prior to the standardization of rapid radiosity calculation, some graphic artists used a technique referred to loosely as false radiosity by darkening areas of texture maps corresponding to corners, joints and recesses, and applying them via self-illumination or diffuse mapping for scanline rendering.

Pissarro then spent the next four years, from 1885 to 1888, practicing this more time-consuming and laborious technique, referred to as pointillism.

This technique is referred to as vacuum distillation and it is commonly found in the laboratory in the form of the rotary evaporator.

This technique is also referred to as " airhooking " or " skyhooking ".

The technique of introducing compact dimensions to obtain a higher-dimensional manifold is referred to as compactification.

The GCHQ cryptographers referred to the technique as " non-secret encryption ".

Though the term had a wide range of application ( as a memory technique or compositional exercise, for example ) it most often referred to the " seats of argument "— the list of categories of thought or modes of reasoning — that a speaker could use in order to generate arguments or proofs.

Following the commercial enthusiasm for radiosity-enhanced imagery, but prior to the standardization of rapid radiosity calculation, many architects and graphic artists used a technique referred to loosely as false radiosity.

The success of these pavilions further influenced the 1967 Universal exhibition in Montreal, commonly referred to as Expo 67, where multi-screen highlights included In the Labyrinth, hailed by Time magazine as a " stunning visual display ," their review concluding: " such visual delights as Labyrinth ... suggest that cinema — the most typical of 20th century arts — has just begun to explore its boundaries and possibilities ," as well as A Place to Stand, which displayed Christopher Chapman's pioneering " multi-dynamic image technique " of shifting multiple images.

Frame Relay uses the concept of shared-access and relies on a technique referred to as " best-effort ", whereby error-correction practically does not exist and practically no guarantee of reliable data delivery occurs.

If the legs are crossed above the knee, it is referred to as a wrap, and is considered poor technique, not only because it looks unattractive but because it interferes with the jump's mechanics.

This delay effect is informally referred to as ensemble tear or phasing ( not to be confused with the music composition technique of the same name ).

This latter technique is referred to by professionals as " compositing ", and in casual usage is often called " photoshopping ".

The Transcendental Meditation technique is a specific form of mantra meditation often referred to as Transcendental Meditation or simply, TM.

This technique is also referred to as color keying, colour-separation overlay ( CSO ; primarily by the BBC ), or by various terms for specific color-related variants such as green screen, and blue screen-chroma keying can be done with backgrounds of any color that are uniform and distinct, but green and blue backgrounds are more commonly used because they differ most distinctly in hue from most human skin colors.

Instruments normally played by bowing ( see below ) may also be plucked, a technique referred to by the Italian term pizzicato.

A common technique in signal processing is to consider the squared amplitude, or power ; in this case the resulting plot is referred to as a power spectrum.

A top division wrestler who is not an ozeki or yokozuna and who finishes the tournament with kachikoshi is also eligible to be considered for one of the three sanshō prizes awarded for " technique " ( ginōshō ), " fighting spirit " ( kantōshō ), and for defeating the most yokozuna and ozeki ( shukunshō ), sometimes referred to as " outstanding performance ".

This is more generally referred to as pleochroism, and the technique can be used in mineralogy to identify minerals.

* Proof by verbosity, sometimes colloquially referred to as argumentum verbosum-a rhetorical technique that tries to persuade by overwhelming those considering an argument with such a volume of material that the argument sounds plausible, superficially appears to be well-researched, and it is so laborious to untangle and check supporting facts that the argument might be allowed to slide by unchallenged.

In the English-speaking world, the term " picaresque " has referred more to a literary technique or model than to the precise genre that the Spanish call picaresco.

The dogs that were used by the Kooiker for this kind of hunting technique, were referred to as the ' Kooiker's hondjes ' ( literally: Kooiker's dogs ).

This set of recordings has never been out of print, and is considered by many to be the touchstone of Beethoven sonata interpretations, though shortcomings in finger technique mar many performances of fast movements ( Sergei Rachmaninoff is supposed to have referred to him as " the great adagio pianist ").

Variety film critic Leonard Klady referred to the film as " a vanity production parading as a social statement " and commented that the film seemingly borrowed heavily from the earlier film, Billy Jack but opined that Seagal lacked " acting technique and the ability behind the camera to keep the story simple and direct " that Billy Jack star Tom Laughlin, exhibited.