The number of neutrons, N, is known as the neutron number of the atom ; thus, A = Z + N. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass ( and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes ), and the mass defect is usually very small compared to the mass, the atomic mass of an atom is roughly equal to A.

Since p ( x ) is irreducible, this means that p ( x ) = k ( x − a ), for some k ∈ F

Since we are assuming circular motion, let r ( t ) = R · u < sub > r </ sub >, where R is a constant ( the radius of the circle ) and u < sub > r </ sub > is the unit vector pointing from the origin to the point mass.

Since the separation of variables in this case involves dividing by y, we must check if the constant function y = 0 is a solution of the original equation.

Since all probabilities p < sub > i </ sub > add up to one: p < sub > 1 </ sub > + p < sub > 2 </ sub > + ... + p < sub > k </ sub > = 1, the expected value can be viewed as the weighted average, with p < sub > i </ sub >’ s being the weights:

Since 612 − 255 = 357 our next pair is

Since the first part of the argument showed the reverse ( r < sub > N − 1 </ sub > ≤ g ), it follows that g = r < sub > N − 1 </ sub >.

Since each region is triangular and each edge is shared by two regions, we have that 2e = 3f.

Since there are 24 hours in a day and 360 degrees in a circle, the sun moves across the sky at a rate of 15 degrees per hour ( 360 °/ 24 hours = 15 ° per hour ).

Since p is prime q − 1 must be a multiple of p. Of course, if the number m = < sup >( q − 1 )</ sup >⁄< sub > p </ sub > is odd, then q will be even, since it is equal to mp + 1.

Since they derive from a strong acid but weak base, they are both at about pH = 5 ; as a consequence, the morphine salts are mixed with small amounts of NaOH to make them suitable for injection.

Automobile exhaust gas capture has also been proposed to be economical but would require extensive design changes or retrofitting .< ref name = Musadi2011 > Since carbonic acid in seawater is in chemical equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, extraction of carbon from seawater has been studied.

Since ω = − dΦ / dt and k = + dΦ / dx, the wave velocity is v = dx / dt = ω / k.

Since the harmonic series, obtained when s = 1, diverges, Euler's formula ( which becomes ) implies that there are infinitely many primes.

Since the column vectors of A are the row vectors of the transpose of A ( denoted here by A < sup > T </ sup >), column rank of A equals row rank of A is equivalent to saying that the rank of a matrix is equal to the rank of its transpose, i. e. rk ( A ) = rk ( A < sup > T </ sup >).

Since 5 < sup > 2 </ sup > + 12 < sup > 2 </ sup > = 13 < sup > 2 </ sup >, ( 5, 12, 13 ) forms a Pythagorean triple.

Since τ refers to a vertical path, the optical depth for a slant path is τ ′ = m τ, where m is called the relative airmass, and for a plane-parallel

Since the E1 component of nuclear EMP depends on the prompt gamma ray output, which was only 0. 1 % of yield in Starfish Prime but can be 0. 5 % of yield in pure fission weapons of low yield, a 10 kiloton bomb can easily be 5 x 8 % = 40 % as powerful as the 1. 44 megaton Starfish Prime at producing EMP.

Since the surface area of a sphere of radius r is A = 4πr < sup > 2 </ sup >, then intensity I ( power per unit area ) of radiation at distance r is

Since 1 dB = 20 log < sub > 10 </ sub > 1. 122, we may say, in a voltage sense, that the 1dB compression point occurs when

Since ( 9 / 8 ) / ( 10 / 9 ) = ( 81 / 80 )— the syntonic comma — the fundamental characteristics of meantone systems are that all intervals are generated from fifths, and the syntonic comma is tempered to a unison.

Since the difficulty of drawing the net is great, we will merely discuss it.

Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot, the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government.

Since we can neither undo nor redo the past, we are limited to the events of today and tomorrow.

`` Since the war I have seen the way the Germans have behaved and I think, Holy Mother, we have behaved like this for hundreds of years.

Since the same method of shaping and fitting the dogs and notches is used throughout, we will only describe the construction of one locking bar.

Since our viewpoints in this respect coincided precisely, we present the fruits of our efforts herewith as a single social code for pool owners.

Since Af is ferromagnetic, we felt that any results obtained from the magnetically contaminated Af would be suspect.

Since Af and P divides Af for Af, we have Af.

Since D' and N' commute with one another and Af, we see that D' and N' commute with T.

Since tone systems typically comprise fewer units than either consonant or vowel systems, we might expect that they would be the easiest part of a phonologic analysis.

Since on the one hand school desegregation has come in Virginia hand-in-glove with pupil assignment, shall we support the plan??

Since the company under review is supplying what we are here regarding as only one kind of service, we might suppose that the problem of total cost apportionment would be very simple ; ;

Since writing was practiced in the Aegean before the end of the century, we may hope that the details of tradition will now be occasionally useful.

Since we are considering here relatively small diameter ( 1 - 1.5 inches ) fiber plates, their average thickness can be kept below 1/4 inch and their internal losses may be assumed as 15 percent ( per plate ).

Since by the principle of optimality the remaining stages use an optimal Af-stage policy with respect to Af, we may enter section Af of the table at this state Af and read off the optimal policy for stage Af and the resulting state Af.

`` Since we're having coffee with them this afternoon '', he said, `` I think I'll ask the daughter if we can pay her to come in every day to clean for us ''.

She states: " Since we do not succeed in fleeing it, let us therefore try to look the truth in the face.

Since the fluctuations are assumed to be small, products of the fluctuation terms can be neglected ( to first order ) and we have

Since this holds true when performing addition on any real numbers, we say that " addition of real numbers is an associative operation.

Since we require the process to be adiabatic, the following equation needs to be true

Since these two constructions are inverses of each other, we can say that every Boolean ring arises from a Boolean algebra, and vice versa.

Since oxygenated and deoxygenated blood reflects light by different amounts, we can study which areas are more active ( i. e., those that have more oxygenated blood ).

Since the entries of the Jacobian matrix are partial derivatives, we may simplify the above formula to get: