Since phonemes are abstractions of speech sounds, not the sounds themselves, they have no direct phonetic transcription.

Since the various braille alphabets originated as transcription codes of printed writing systems, the mappings ( sets of character designations ) vary from language to language.

Since the transcription of the Talmud, notable rabbis have compiled law codes that are generally held in high regard: the Mishneh Torah, the Tur, and the Shulchan Aruch.

Since they were discovered in the mid-1960s, histone modifications have been predicted to affect transcription.

Since 1982, when the International Organization for Standardization adopted Pinyin as the standard romanization of Chinese, many Western languages have changed from spelling this loanword dao in national systems ( e. g., French EFEO Chinese transcription and English Wade – Giles ) to dao in Pinyin.

Since phonetic transcription strictly foregrounds the phonetic nature of language, it is most useful for phonetic or phonological analyses.

Since some processes, such as gene transcription, involve many reactions and could not be correctly modeled as an instantaneous reaction in a single step, it was proposed to model these reactions as single step multiple delayed reactions in order to account for the time it takes for the entire process to be complete.

Since at that time the phonological complexities of the language were not fully understood, the transcription system used in the book is somewhat lacking, only distinguishing about 80 % of Ubykh's 80-odd phonemes.

( Since long vowels in most modern European languages often have a slightly different sound, a strictly accurate phonetic transcription often requires a different symbol, but this would increase the complexity of the system.

Since then, the received transcription of the bilabial flap involves employing the labiodental flap symbol modified by an advanced diacritic: ⟨⟩.

Since many bHLH transcription factors are heterodimeric, their activity is often highly regulated by the dimerization of the subunits.

Since the movie omits the religious and mythical elements of Dick's original novel ( e. g. empathy boxes and Wilbur Mercer ), it falls more strictly within the cyberpunk genre than the novel does.

Since the 1990s, several novel classes of antiemetics have been developed and commercialized, becoming a nearly universal standard in chemotherapy regimens, and helping to successfully manage these symptoms in a large portion of patients.

Since 2001, 40 non-natural amino acids have been added into protein by creating a unique codon ( recoding ) and a corresponding transfer-RNA: aminoacyl – tRNA-synthetase pair to encode it with diverse physicochemical and biological properties in order to be used as a tool to exploring protein structure and function or to create novel or enhanced proteins.

Since the rights holders in Japan by this time had created a unified ( although still evolving ) list of romanized character and mecha names, Schodt was able to use it, and Amuro's rival in the novel thus became " Char " and not " Sha "; the popular Zeon Mobile Suit, similarly, became " Zaku ," and not " Zak ".

Since ractors are more expensive than AI, the only reason to use them would be that the customers could tell the difference, implying that in the world of the novel, the marketplace of virtual reality entertainment has become one ongoing Turing Test, and software is continuously failing it.

Since its initial publication, the novel has never gone out of print.

Since 2006 the Australian born author Geraldine Brooks, writer of the Pulitzer Prize winning novel March, has lived there with her husband and two sons.

Since then, many writers have credited this novel with focusing Northern anger at the injustices of slavery and the Fugitive Slave Law and helping to fuel the abolitionist movement.

Since its publication, the prose style and dialogue in Hemingway's novel have been the source of controversy and some negative critical reaction.

It is an epic about the American home front during World War II which was adapted and produced by David O. Selznick from the novel Since You Went Away: Letters to a Soldier from His Wife by Margaret Buell Wilder.

Schulberg responded to this accusation in the 1990 reissue of the novel by adding an introduction to the short stories that provided his rationale for giving many of the other characters in the book Jewish-sounding names: " Since Sammy is obviously Jewish, I thought it should be clear that nearly all his victims –- Rosalie, Manheim, Blumberg, Fineman, his brother, Israel –- were also Jewish, suggesting the wide range of personalities and attitudes under the one ethnic umbrella.

Since adolescence generally become accustomed to the novel culture quicker than adults, the learn to expect autonomy earlier than their parents.

* Since 2003, Opus Dei has received world attention as a result of Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code and the 2006 film based on the novel.

Since the 1990s, Schell has appeared in many German language made-for-TV films, such as the 2003 film Alles Glück dieser Erde ( All the Luck in the World ) opposite Uschi Glas and in the television miniseries The Return of the Dancing Master ( 2004 ), which was based on Henning Mankell's novel.

Since her first adult novel was published only in 1983, when she was 71, she may be regarded as a late bloomer.

Since her death, a twelfth novel, a second volume of poetry, and a handful of short stories have been released.

Since 2000, Visa for Avalon, her early semi-autobiographical novels Development and Two Selves, her memoir The Heart to Artemis, and her historical novel The Player's Boy have all been republished.

Since 2005 Bloomsday has been celebrated every year in Genoa, with a reading of Ulysses in Italian by volunteers ( students, actors, teachers, scholars ), starting at 0900 and finishing in the early hours of 17 June ; the readings take place in 18 different places in the old town centre, one for each chapter of the novel, and these places are selected for their resemblance to the original settings.

Since a refit in 2007, there has been no sign indicating the name, but a plaque was placed on a plinth in the original garden in September 1931 by the Dickens Fellowship, which explained that this was the place where in the Charles Dickens novel, David Copperfield stopped " in the Kent Road ... at a terrace with a piece of water before it, and a great foolish image in the middle, blowing a dry shell ".

Since 1992, the first row is a novel, the second one, a short story.

Since the angles and distances can be precisely controlled, and the reaction occurs in a vacuum, novel chemical compounds and arrangements are possible.

Since the 1920s, numerous authors, such as Sinclair Lewis in his 1922 novel Babbitt, and F. Scott Fitzgerald, in his 1925 classic, The Great Gatsby, satirized or ridiculed materialism in the chase for the American dream.

Since 2008, its drug design approaches for Alzheimer's disease have been applied to Huntington's, and in 2010, Folding @ home researcher Veena Thomas proposed a novel therapeutic strategy for Huntington's which may be funded by the National Institutes of Health.

`` Since when did they allow beardless kids into the saloon bars of this town, boys ''??

Since it requires only five players, it would seem to fall into the category of chamber music -- yet it calls for a double bass, an instrument generally regarded as symphonic.

Since SAAMI's conception in 1926, and more specifically since the adoption of the Shooting Development Program in 1954, millions of dollars and promotional man-hours have gone into the development of more places to shoot for more youths and adults.

Since I have already discussed his moral position, that discussion is incorporated by reference into the following pages, which will focus on the empirical and analytic side of Fromm's treatment.

Since none of these glimpses of poetizing without writing is intended to incorporate a signature into the epic matter, there is prima-facie evidence that Beowulf and the Homeric poems each derive from an oral tradition.

Since they commonly translate thoughts and feelings into deeds, hands naturally represent action, and since nearly half the characters in Great Expectations are of the underworld or closely allied to it, the linking of hands with crime or violence is not to be wondered at.

Since the removal force is a function of coating thickness, a differential transformer pickup has been incorporated into the instrument to accurately measure film thickness.

Since the evolution of the Aramaic alphabet out of the Phoenician one was a gradual process, the division of the world's alphabets into those derived from the Phoenician one directly and those derived from Phoenician via Aramaic is somewhat artificial.

Since private transfers from the Diaspora tend to be mostly injected into consumption of imports and not in high value-added sectors, the transfers have not resulted in sizeable increases in productivity.

Since the 1950s, this type of fiction has to a large extent merged with science fictional tropes involving cross-time travel between alternate histories or psychic awareness of the existence of " our " universe by the people in another ; or ordinary voyaging uptime ( into the past ) or downtime ( into the future ) that results in history splitting into two or more time-lines.

Since Roman times, the hot springs at Aachen have been channelled into baths.

Since then, other works of his have been translated into English.

Since the first pioneering efforts of Florey and Chain in 1939, the importance of antibiotics, including antibacterials, to medicine has led to intense research into producing antibacterials at large scales.

Since the right supra-renal vein is short and drains directly into the inferior vena cava it is likely to injure the latter during removal of right adrenal for various reasons.

Since then a number of independent developers released games into the new decade, like Championship Rally, CyberVirus, and Alpine Games.

Since the aircraft normally approached these speeds only in a dive, pilots would report the aircraft attempting to nose over into the ground.

Since the Industrial Revolution, emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere have increased.

Since about 2001, territorial defence forces, which as of 2002 number around 150, 000, have been forming, organized into battalions, companies, and platoons spread across Belarus.

Since going into ecumenical communion with their respective Anglican body, bishops in the ELCA or the ELCIC not only approve the " rostering " of all ordained pastors, diaconal ministers, and associates in ministry, but they serve as the principal celebrant of all pastoral ordination and installation ceremonies, diaconal consecration ceremonies, as well as serving as the " chief pastor " of the local synod, upholding the teachings of Martin Luther as well as the documentations of the Ninety-Five Theses and the Augsburg Confession.

Since the late 1980s, evidence has become available that instillation of BCG into the bladder is an effective form of immunotherapy in this disease.

Since the publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four the phrase " Big Brother " has come into common use to describe any prying or overly-controlling authority figure, and attempts by government to increase surveillance.

Since, when tried, this viscous ink would not flow into a regular fountain pen nib, Bíró, with the help of his brother György, a chemist, began to work on designing new types of pens.

Since the Apostolic Age, the use of the definite article before the word Christ and its development into a proper name signifies its identification with Jesus as the promised Jewish messiah.