Since the A.L.A.M. holdings embraced only about twenty-five per cent of motor vehicle patents, the denial of rights to independent companies did not retard technical progress in unlicensed sectors of the industry.

Since society considers so many rights as natural ( hence the term " right ") rather than man-made, what constitutes a crime also counts as natural, in contrast to laws ( seen as man-made ).

Since the player names were being used as a group, the players had assigned their publicity rights to the players association who then signed licensing deals.

According to the what economist Nicholas Barr describes as the " classical definition of income :" the 1938 Haig-Simons definition, " income may be defined as the ... sum of ( 1 ) the market value of rights exercised in consumption and ( 2 ) the change in the value of the store of property rights ..." Since the consumption potential of non-monetary goods, such as leisure, cannot be measured, monetary income may be thought of as a proxy for full income.

Since the Confederacy was founded, among other things, on states ’ rights, one important factor in Davis ’ choice of cabinet members was representation from the various states.

Since Robinson had sold exclusive rights to any retirement story to Look magazine two years previously, his retirement decision was revealed through the magazine, instead of through the Dodgers organization.

Since the expulsion the UK has suspended direct government aid, citing concerns over governance and human rights.

Since 2004, she has also been Professor of Practice in International Affairs at Columbia University, where she teaches international human rights.

Since the patent rights of the I. G.

Since 1998, he has owned the film rights to Mike Allred's off-beat comic Madman.

Since the breakup of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia has instituted a stable, multi-party, democratic political system, characterized by regular elections, a free press, and an excellent human rights record.

Since the ongoing civil war of 2011, and associated killings and human rights abuses, Syria has been increasingly isolated from the countries in the region, and the wider international community.

Since the 20th century, Western legal systems have generally allowed for " greater women's rights " than Islamic law.

Since then, it has come to be considered a major statement on human rights, particularly its second sentence:

Since the 1960s, Ono has been an activist for peace and human rights.

Since the time of McCarthy, the word McCarthyism has entered American speech as a general term for a variety of practices: aggressively questioning a person's patriotism, making poorly supported accusations, using accusations of disloyalty to pressure a person to adhere to conformist politics or to discredit an opponent, subverting civil rights in the name of national security, and the use of demagoguery are all often referred to as McCarthyism.

Since the start of the cold war, the United States has economically and / or diplomatically supported friendly foreign governments, including many that overtly violated the civil and human rights of their own citizens and residents.

Since Transnational environmental NGOs advocate for different issues like public goods, such as pollution in the air, deforestation of areas and water issues, it is more difficult for them to give their campaigns a human face than NGOs campaigning directly for human rights issues.

Since the events of September 11, 2001, American Muslims have participated in the Pilgrimage to promote and increase awareness of civil rights protections in the wake of widespread suspicions harbored against them in the post 9 / 11 world.

Since WotC still owned the rights to the name Greyhawk, Gygax changed the name of the castle to Castle Zagyg — the reverse homophone of his own name originally ascribed to the mad architect of his original thirteen level dungeon.

Since at least Dartmouth College v. Woodward ( 1819 ), the U. S. Supreme Court has recognized corporations as having the same rights as natural persons to contract and to enforce contracts.

Since the Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission in 2010, upholding the rights of corporations to make political expenditures under the First Amendment, there have been several calls for a US Constitutional amendment to abolish Corporate Personhood.

Since the 1980s, increased political and public attention has been paid to the rights and social issues of the indigenous tribes of Taiwan.

Since 17 April 2011 Chinese and Singaporean diplomatic, official and official ordinary passport holders able to enjoy 30-day transit visa-free service for entering each other's country.

Since the required return on government bonds for domestic and foreign holders cannot be distinguished in an international market for government debt, this may mean that yields on government debt are not a good proxy for the risk free rate.

Since 1461, when the great-grandson of the first duke became King Edward IV, not one of the ten subsequent holders of the title has ever passed it on: they either died without male heirs or became King themselves.

Since tangible common equity subtracts preferred equity from the tangible book value, it does a better job estimating what the value of the company is to holders of specifically common stock compared to standard calculations of book value.

Since then, Croatia has had nine holders of the title, eight of them nominated by the Croatian Democratic Union.

Since the duration of the H-1B visa hasn't changed, this has meant a lot more H-1B visa holders have to renew their visas in one-year or three-year increments to continue to be in legal status while their green card application is in process.

Since July 2009, the primary means of resolving a credit event is auction settlement, where holders of applicable instruments ( as decided by the relevant determinations committee ) auction their instruments to potential buyers at a set price.

Since the US had devalued the dollar in the preceding year from $ 20. 67 per troy ounce of gold ( the 1918 standard of value ) to $ 35 per troy ounce, the 21 million bond holders lost 139 million troy ounces of gold, or approximately 41 % of the bond's principal.

Since the tickets cost little money to produce, and the prize expense has been set, the number of tickets sold creates little or no additional cost for the raffle holders.

Since most ticket holders were unable to travel to College Park, the athletic department instituted an open attendance policy.

Since its founding, Pantheon-Assas has produced three prime ministers and the holders of thirty-four other ministerships around the world.

Since 2006, after the conviction of retired school teacher Harold Fish in Arizona for second degree murder during a self-defense shooting, some CCW holders in the United States have elected to switch from carrying hollow-point bullets, and especially 10mm Auto caliber weapons with perceived higher one-shot stopping power, to carrying smaller caliber weapons.

Since mid-2003, the Guess stock has continuously risen, eliciting nothing but positive reviews from stock holders and Wall Street, though the wider community has more mixed opinions.

Since South Africa were the holders, Australia needed to win both games to reclaim the trophy.

Since holders of the Hong Kong SAR Document of Identity are not usually Chinese citizens ( unless, for example, they are new immigrants from other parts of China to Hong Kong and have been unable to obtain an ordinary Chinese passport ), they are not entitled to the consular protection offered by the People's Republic of China government while overseas.

Since the mid 1980s, the United States has had a growing deficit in tradeable goods, especially with Asian nations ( China and Japan ) which now hold large sums of U. S debt that has funded the consumption.

Since the collapse of the Taliban government in 2001, new trade relations are emerging with the United States, Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, the EU, Japan, Uzbekistan, India and other countries.

Since the establishment of the first shogunate in 1192, the Emperors of Japan have rarely taken on a role as supreme battlefield commander, unlike many Western monarchs.

Since King Kong was seen as the bigger draw ( at the time, he was even more popular in Japan than Godzilla ), and since Godzilla was still a villain at this point in the series, it led to the decision to not only give King Kong top billing, but also to present him as the winner of the climactic fight.

Since the mid-19th century, after the Meiji restoration, the country was opened up to Western commerce and influence and Japan has gone through two periods of economic development.

Since the oil shocks of the 1970s, Japan has reduced dependence on petroleum as a source of energy from more than 75 % in 1973 to about 57 % at present.

Since the joint Communique, Japan has maintained non-governmental, working-level relations with Taiwan.

Since then, no city in Japan has had the name " Tokyo " ( present-day Tokyo is not officially a city ).

Since the earliest samurai government in Japan, during the Kamakura period ( 1185 – 1333 ), sword fighting, together with horse riding and archery, were the main martial pursuits of the military clans.

Since the 1950s, manga has steadily become a major part of the Japanese publishing industry, representing a ¥ 406 billion market in Japan in 2007 ( approximately $ 3. 6 billion ) and ¥ 420 billion ($ 5. 5 billion ) in 2009.

Since the islands are located in the center of the East China Sea relatively close to Japan, China and South-East Asia, the Ryūkyū Kingdom became a prosperous trading nation.

Since 1960, the U. S. and Japan have maintained an agreement that allows the U. S. to secretly bring nuclear weapons into Japanese ports, and there is speculation ( see below ) that some nuclear weapons may be located in Okinawa.

Since the 2002 purchase of NAI's PGP assets, PGP Corporation has offered worldwide PGP technical support from its offices in Draper, Utah ; Offenbach, Germany ; and Tokyo, Japan.

Since then, many jurisdictions have been swayed by Justice Traynor's arguments on behalf of the strict liability rule in Escola, Greenman, and subsequent cases — including nearly all U. S. states, the European Union, Australia, and Japan — and have adopted it either by judicial decision or by legislative act.

Since the out break of the Syrian civil war, the Syrian economy has been hit by massive economic sanctions restricting trade with the Arab League, Australia, Canada, the European Union, ( as well as the European countries of Albania, Croatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, and Switzerland ) Georgia, Japan, Turkey, and the United States.

Since Japan could not resume commercial whaling, it began whaling on a scientific-research basis.

Since their introduction to the west in the early 1990s, Hall thrusters have been the subject of a large number of research efforts throughout the United States, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia ( with many smaller efforts scattered in various countries across the globe ).

Since he was serving in Japan as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers occupying that nation, he was unable to campaign for the nomination.

Since Japan has a demand for fiber to the home, Japan is looking into tapping a fiber-optic backbone line of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone ( NTT ), a domestic backbone carrier, in order to deliver this service at cheaper prices.

Since the demise of Group C ( where Japan and Germany both had successful series of their own ) Japan has largely gone its own way in sports car racing ; the Super GT series is for very highly modified production-based cars ; although prototypes are slowly returning to Japanese racing in the Japan Le Mans Challenge many of these ' prototypes ' are little more than rebodied Formula 3 cars ( although there has been a long Japanese tradition of such hybrids ; a Grand Champion series ran for many years with rebodied Formula 2 and Formula 3000 cars, rather similar to the second incarnation of Can-Am ).

Since the Meiji restoration, Japan has had a local government system based on prefectures.