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Since bundle theory states that all concrete particulars are merely constructions or ' bundles ' of attributes, or qualitive properties, the substance theorist's indiscernibility argument claims that the ability to recognize numerically different concrete particulars, such as concrete objects, requires those particulars to have discernible qualitative differences in their attributes and that the metaphysical realist who is also a bundle theorist must therefore concede to the existence of ' discernible ( numerically different ) concrete particulars ', the ' identity of indiscernibles ', and a ' principle of constituent identity '.
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Since and bundle
Since 1937, science fiction fans have formed amateur press associations ( APAs ); the members contribute to a collective assemblage or bundle that contains contributions from all of them, called apazines and often containing mailing comments.
Since the cotangent bundle X = T * M is a vector bundle, it can be regarded as a manifold in its own right.
Since there is no preferred way to choose an ordered basis of a vector space, a frame bundle lacks a canonical choice of identity cross-section.
Since α is a principal connection, it induces a connection on any associated bundle to Q.
Since September 2007 Soundtrack Pro also comes as part of the Logic Studio bundle, Apple's own audio and midi sequencing software.
Since ω and g are nondegenerate, each induces a bundle isomorphism TM → T * M, where the first map, denoted φ < sub > ω </ sub >, is given by the interior product φ < sub > ω </ sub >( u ) = < sub > u </ sub > ω = ω ( u, •) and the other, denoted φ < sub > g </ sub >, is given by the analogous operation for g. With this understood, the three structures ( g, ω, J ) form a compatible triple when each structure can be specified by the two others as follows:
Since we can think of the projection map G → G / B as a principal B-bundle, for each C < sub > λ </ sub > we get an associated fiber bundle L < sub >- λ </ sub > on G / B ( note the sign ), which is obviously a line bundle.
Since G acts on the total space of the bundle by bundle automorphisms, this action naturally gives a G-module structure on these groups ; and the Borel – Weil – Bott theorem gives an explicit description of these groups as G-modules.
Since algebras are also vector spaces, every algebra bundle is a vector bundle.
Since beam tracing effectively calculates the path of every possible ray within each beam ( which can be viewed as a dense bundle of adjacent rays ), it is not as prone to under-sampling ( missing rays ) or over-sampling ( wasted computational resources ).
Since the electrical impulse can no longer use the preferred pathway across the bundle branch, it may move instead through muscle fibers in a way that both slows the electrical movement and changes the directional propagation of the impulses.
Since 1978 and the entry into force of the European Patent Convention, the European Patent Office also issues patents effective in Germany, as part of a European patent's " bundle " of national patents.
Since and theory
Since some modern scholars do detect subtle theological and historical differences between the texts, such scholars do not subscribe to the rough-draft / polished-draft theory.
Since many AI problems have no formalisation yet, conventional complexity theory does not allow the definition of AI-completeness.
Since it is the master that chooses which slave to address, whereas a slave is ( in theory ) supposed to listen in each receive slot, being a master is a lighter burden than being a slave.
Since a leg theory attack means the batsman is more likely to hit the ball on the leg side, additional fielders on that side of the field can be effective in preventing runs and taking catches.
Since the desired effect is computational difficulty, in theory one would choose an algorithm and desired difficulty level, thus decide the key length accordingly.
Since the 1980s, the more difficult problems of implementing valence bond theory into computer programs have been solved largely, and valence bond theory has seen a resurgence.
Since then, the term has become common in English-language ethical theory.
Since the early twentieth century, quantum theory has proved to be successful in describing accurately the physical reality of the mesoscopic and microscopic world, in multiple reproducible physics experiments.
Since the fundamental group is a homotopy invariant, the theory of the winding number for the complex plane minus one point is the same as for the circle.
Since Marx's time, the theory has been modified and expanded by thousands of Marxist thinkers.
Since the deformations on the surface are the only imprint of the incoming particle, and since these deformations would have to completely determine the outgoing particles ,'t Hooft believed that the correct description of the black hole would be by some form of string theory.
Since Brahms himself clearly originated the story, however, some have questioned Hoffman's theory.
Since at least the time of Augustine, theologians, considering baptism to be necessary for the salvation of those to whom it can be administered, have debated the fate of unbaptized innocents, and the theory of the Limbo of Infants is one of the hypotheses that have been formulated as a proposed solution.
Since the 1960s, a theory based on Linear B phonetic values suggests that Linear A language could be an Anatolian language, close to Luwian.
Since language, as imagined by nativists, is unlearnably complex, subscribers to this theory argue that it must, therefore, be innate.
Since the work of the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser, opportunity cost has been seen as the foundation of the marginal theory of value.
Since error theory denies that there are moral truths, error theory entails moral nihilism and, thus, moral skepticism ; however, neither moral nihilism nor moral skepticism conversely entails error theory.
Since the mid-1980s, geometric group theory, which studies finitely generated groups as geometric objects, has become a particularly active area in group theory.
Since the soul is a spiritual substance it is not brought into being through transformation of matter, but directly by God, whence the special uniqueness of each person .." Fifty years later, Pope John Paul II, stating that scientific evidence now seemed to favour the evolutionary theory, upheld the distinction of Pius XII regarding the human soul.
Since the theory of electric charge is dubbed " electrodynamics ", the Greek word " chroma " Χρώμα ( meaning color ) is applied to the theory of color charge, " chromodynamics ".
Since and states
She states: " Since we do not succeed in fleeing it, let us therefore try to look the truth in the face.
Since Johnson's proclamations allowed the Southern states to control the procedure and conduct of their elections in 1865, prominent former Confederate leaders were elected to the U. S. Congress ( but not seated ).
Since Lavoisier's knowledge of strong acids was mainly restricted to oxoacids, such as ( nitric acid ) and ( sulphuric acid ), which tend to contain central atoms in high oxidation states surrounded by oxygen, and since he was not aware of the true composition of the hydrohalic acids ( HF, HCl, HBr, and HI ), he defined acids in terms of their containing oxygen, which in fact he named from Greek words meaning " acid-former " ( from the Greek οξυς ( oxys ) meaning " acid " or " sharp " and γεινομαι ( geinomai ) meaning " engender ").
Since German reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city states, together with Hamburg and Bremen, among the present 16 states of Germany.
Since these are a basis, any quantum state of the particle can be expressed as a linear combination ( i. e., quantum superposition ) of these two states:
Since then, a number of Australian states have introduced or tightened importation regulations.
Since many commentators view the notion of sense as identical to the notion of concept, and Frege regards senses as the linguistic representations of states of affairs in the world, it seems to follow that we may understand concepts as the manner in which we grasp the world.
Since 1938, many states have adopted rules similar to the FRCP.
Since poses were chosen to produce the most convincing images of states of mind and psychological conditions, as in Ashes, the figures impart a monumental, static quality.
Since then the Court has appeared to be more open to finding states guilty of torture and has even ruled that since the Convention is a " living instrument ", treatment which it had previously characterised as inhuman or degrading treatment might in future be regarded as torture.
Since about 93 % of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data.
Since all the German states except Prussia had joined in the cry against him, he was forced to go to Berlin.
Since Galen states that he is using observations of monkeys ( human dissection was prohibited ) to give an account of what the body looks like, Vesalius could portray himself as using Galen's approach of description of direct observation to create a record of the exact details of the human body, since he worked in a time when human dissection was allowed.
Since real political power belongs to the sole legal party, in certain states under Marxist constitutions of the constitutionally socialist state type inspired by the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) and its constitutive Soviet republics, there was no formal office of head of state, but rather the leader of the legislative branch was considered to be the closest common equivalent of a head of state as a natural person.
Since France had been defeated on these two fronts, states previously conquered and controlled by Napoleon saw a good opportunity to strike back.
Since most disagreements over what to include in the constitution were ultimately disputes over the balance of sovereignty between the states and national government, Madison's influence was critical.
Since the Confederacy was founded, among other things, on states ’ rights, one important factor in Davis ’ choice of cabinet members was representation from the various states.
Since there are many different reference ellipsoids the latitude of a feature on the surface is not unique: this is stressed in the ISO standard which states that " without the full specification of the coordinate reference system, coordinates ( that is latitude and longitude ) are ambiguous at best and meaningless at worst ".
Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, unionisation in many eastern European states has collapsed at an even more dramatic rate.
Since slavery had been abolished in Canada in 1833, but was still legal in southern states of the U. S., a Lake Erie crossing was sometimes required for fugitive slaves seeking freedom:
Since this is what ( B ) itself states, it means that ( B ) must be true.
Since mesons are made of one quark and one antiquark, they can be found in triplet and singlet spin states.
Since the end of World War II, many former colonies in the Pacific have become independent states.
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