Since Parts 1, and 2, were prepared independently, the abbreviation schemes and the chemical symbols used differ in the two parts.

Since the end of the Second World War, the development of computers has allowed a systematic development of computational chemistry, which is the art of developing and applying computer programs for solving chemical problems.

Since the end of the Second World War, the development of computers has allowed a systematic development of computational chemistry, which is the art of developing and applying computer programs for solving chemical problems.

Since aldehydes resonate at similar chemical shifts, multiple resonance experiments are employed to definitively distinguish aldehydes and ketones.

Since the polymer only dissolves very slowly in the chemical part of the etching, it builds up on the sidewalls and protects them from etching.

Since neodymium coloration depends upon " forbidden " f-f transitions deep within the atom, there is relatively little influence on the color from the chemical environment, so the color is impervious to the thermal history of the glass.

Since World War II, Iraq's use of mustard gas against Iranian troops and Kurds ( Iran-Iraq war of 1981 – 1988 ) has been the only large-scale use of any chemical weapons.

Since these were all individual compounds, he demonstrated that it was possible to make a chemical change in various fats ( which traditionally come from organic sources ), producing new compounds, without " vital force ".

Automobile exhaust gas capture has also been proposed to be economical but would require extensive design changes or retrofitting .< ref name = Musadi2011 > Since carbonic acid in seawater is in chemical equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, extraction of carbon from seawater has been studied.

Since heavy elements ( high atomic number ) backscatter electrons more strongly than light elements ( low atomic number ), and thus appear brighter in the image, BSE are used to detect contrast between areas with different chemical compositions.

Since chemical reactions can neither create nor destroy matter, nor transmute one element into another, the amount of each element must be the same throughout the overall reaction.

Since any chemical component can participate in several reactions simultaneously, the stoichiometric coefficient of the i – th component in the k – th reaction is defined as

Since 1953 however, AES has become a practical and straightforward characterization technique for probing chemical and compositional surface environments and has found applications in metallurgy, gas-phase chemistry, and throughout the microelectronics industry.

Since orbital energies are unique to an atom of a specific element, analysis of the ejected electrons can yield information about the chemical composition of a surface.

Since the early 1970s, Cannabis plants have been categorized by their chemical phenotype or " chemotype ," based on the overall amount of THC produced, and on the ratio of THC to CBD.

Since many components of natural foods have E numbers ( and the number simply is a synonym for the chemical component ), e. g. vitamin C ( E300 ) and lycopene ( E160d ), this is incorrect ; presumably the intent is that the ingredients list does not list any food additives by E number, that is, pure forms of the substances are not intentionally added.

Since < sup > </ sup > the bulk density of a solid chemical element is strongly related to its molar mass ( usually about 3 R per mole, as noted above ), there exists noticeable inverse correlation between a solid ’ s density and its specific heat capacity on a per-mass basis.

Since abortion is only possible when the fetus is three to four month old, older fetuses are aborted using chemical injection to induce the baby.

Since 2000 the chemical sector alone has represented 2 / 3 of the entire manufacturing trade surplus of the EU.

Since its founding, the college expanded its degree program to include chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, industrial engineering, and mechanical engineering.

Since Biot's time, analysis of meteorites has resulted in accurate measurements of the chemical composition of the solar system.

Since the mid 20th century chemical fluorescent stains, such as DAPI which binds to DNA, have been used to label specific structures within the cell.

Since a Fahrenheit-sized interval of temperature is only < sup > 5 </ sup >⁄< sub > 9 </ sub > that of a Celsius-sized interval, the value is typically expressed as 10. 4 ( µin / in )/° F rather than 18. 7 ( µin / in )/° C .< sub > </ sub ></ ref > Similarly, a metering pump that injects a trace chemical into the main process line at the proportional flow rate Q < sub > p </ sub > = 125 ppm, is doing so at a rate that may be expressed in a variety of volumetric units, including 125 µL / L, 125 µgal / gal, 125 cm < sup > 3 </ sup >/ m < sup > 3 </ sup >, etc.

Since the chemical potential is kept constant,

Since 2000, Tillmans has become increasingly interested in the chemical foundations of photographic material as well as its haptic and spatial possibilities.

Since winning the Nobel Prize, Mullis has been criticized in The New York Times for promoting ideas in areas in which he has no expertise.

Since then, changes to the line length have been a relatively common variant, such that Stephen Burt has written: " sestinas, as the form exists today, not require expertise with inherited meter …".

Since 1990, the Chinese have been developing specialist clinical expertise with PDT using their own domestically produced photosensitizers, derived from Haematoporphyrin, and light sources.

Since that time, two main educational models have developed — the Ph. D. scientist – practitioner model ( requiring a doctoral dissertation and therefore research as well as clinical expertise ); and the Psy. D.

Since the landscape designer title does not have college degree or licensing requirements to be used, there is a very wide range of sophistication, aesthetic talent, technical expertise, and specialty strengths to be responsibly matched with specific client and project requirements.

Since 1999, the company also developed expertise in children's titles, with releases based upon well known franchises such as Tom and Jerry, Looney Tunes, Harry Potter and Asterix.

Since that time, he has brought his expertise in the study of magic to enthusiasts to every corner of the world.

Since then, CRDM has expanded its expertise in electrical stimulation to treat other cardiac rhythm diseases.

Since then, Fox has been approached time and time again by other companies seeking his expertise.

Since 1952, interdisciplinary teams of distinguished NKI scientists have applied their talents and expertise to study the etiology, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of severe and persistent mental illnesses.

Since 1995, Parasiuk and his company, Paralink Management Ltd., have been involved in organizing private / public sector partnerships in the export of Canada ’ s expertise with emphasis on Canada ’ s healthcare, education and civics expertise.

Since then, his expertise in electronic communications and airborne operations has made him a valuable asset to Phoenix Force.

Since then, the owners and executives have been sourcing expertise, systems and aircraft in order to facilitate lifting of the suspension in early 2009 in accordance with the 2007 Draft National Aviation Policy issued by the Pakistan CAA.

Since his official retirement from politics, Canepa has assisted successive Governments of Gibraltar as a consultant, advising them by means of his experience and expertise on legislative and constitutional matters.

Since 1994, De Beers has acted to improve the performance of the Williamson diamond mine by trimming work force, making needed capital investments in equipment, and bringing in expertise in technology, technique, and exploration.

Since its first prerelease in April 2003, the Global JXDM has continued to undergo intensive reviews, receive feedback and error reports online from the public, and provide a Global JXDM Listserv discussion forum for sharing expertise and support.

Since the singing style of later 17th-century Italy did not differ in any marked way from that of the 18th century and early 19th century, a connection can be drawn ; but, according to Jander, most musicologists agree that the term is best limited to its mid-19th-century use, designating a style of singing that emphasized beauty of tone and technical expertise in the delivery of music that was either highly florid or featured long, flowing and difficult-to-sustain passages of cantilena.

Since 2001 the ABQ has offered its expertise in chamber music performance and training with a program of mini-residencies as part of its regular touring season.