According to the what economist Nicholas Barr describes as the " classical definition of income :" the 1938 Haig-Simons definition, " income may be defined as the ... sum of ( 1 ) the market value of rights exercised in consumption and ( 2 ) the change in the value of the store of property rights ..." Since the consumption potential of non-monetary goods, such as leisure, cannot be measured, monetary income may be thought of as a proxy for full income.

Since 1975, however, those powers have not been exercised.

Since stock prices reflect earning reports, stock options could be most profitably exercised when income is exaggerated, and the stock can be sold at an inflated profit.

Since the option will not be exercised unless it is in-the-money, the payoff for a call option is

Since 1937, in applying the factual test in Jones & Laughlin to hold a broad range of activities sufficiently related to interstate commerce, the Supreme Court has exercised little independent judgment, choosing instead to defer to the expressed or implied findings of Congress to the effect that regulated activities have the requisite " economic effect ".

Since the 1970s, the special wards of Tokyo have exercised a considerably higher degree of autonomy than the wards in other cities ( that unlike Tokyo retained their elected mayors and assemblies ) but still less than other municipalities in the country, making them more like independent cities than districts.

Since the U. S. government was the major funder of the Salvadoran government and military, they exercised considerable influence over the course of events.

Since Croatia never declared a state of war during the breakup of Yugoslavia, this option has not been exercised in practice.

Since all colonial Governors were British and were appointed by the British government, they also exercised a supervisory role over the colonial governments on behalf of Britain.

Since a number of inhabitants actively participated in national rebellions ( November Uprising, January Uprising ), Russian authorities exercised persecutions, forced resettlement, penal deportations to Siberia, and denationalization of Poles.

Since Pioli left for the Kansas City Chiefs after the 2009 season, Belichick has exercised almost complete control over the football side of the Patriots ' operation.

Since watches with 15 jewels and less are often not marked as to the jewel count, extreme caution must be exercised when purchasing movements which appear to be 15 jewels.

Since the late 19th century, the family's political influence has been exercised primarily at the state and local levels, including in Vermont, New Hampshire, and New York, where multiple branches of the family settled, as well as in Massachusetts.

Since 1973, the United States Congress has devolved certain powers to the Council that would typically be exercised by state legislatures.

Since Chapelcross was commissioned from the outset as a four reactor site ( the option for a further four reactors was not exercised ) rather than separate two-reactor sites as at Calder ‘ A ’ and ‘ B ’ stations, the site layout was more compact.

Since March 2011, the office of President of Blanco y Negro S. A. is exercised by Hernan Levy, who replaced William Mackenna.

Since then pacific blockades have only been exercised by the great powers as a joint measure in their common interest, which has also been that of peace ; and in this respect the term is taking a new signification in accordance with the ordinary sense of the word pacific.

Since these boundaries are common locations for errors that result in software faults they are frequently exercised in test cases.

" Since the beginning of history, jewels have exercised a baneful spell.

Since peroxides can form spontaneously in some materials, some caution must be exercised with such " peroxide forming materials ", such as the common ethers diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

Since that legislative power has been exercised, it is up to the executive branch to administer the law and for the Judiciary to enforce it when, as here, enforcement has been sought.

Since the end of the 16th century, the derde ( spiritual head ) of the Tomagra clan has exercised authority over part of the massif and the other clans who live there.

Since the days when their two thousand pairs of skis outnumbered those assembled anywhere else in the United States, the students have stopped regarding the Olympic Ski Team as another name for their own.

Since Election Day, Vice President Richard Nixon had virtually retired -- by his own wish -- from public view.

Since then, it has focused on improving relationships with Western countries, cultivating links with other Portuguese-speaking countries, and asserting its own national interests in Central Africa through military and diplomatic intervention.

Since her adulteress mother was his own sister, Afonso V had not only ambition, but the family honour to protect.

Since the implementation of the Statute of Westminster 1931 in each of the Commonwealth realms ( on successive dates from 1931 onwards ), the Act of Settlement cannot be altered in any realm except by that realm's own parliament and, by convention, only with the consent of all the other realms, as it touches on the succession to the shared throne.

Since the Ris et Danseries company was disbanded circa 1993, choreographers from the company have continued with their own work.

Since the mid 1980s, the Chianti Classico zone has had its own DOCG recognized area separate from the greater Chianti region.

Since Soviet times, when Ukrainians were recognised as a separate nationality deserving of its own Soviet Republic, such linguistic-political claims had disappeared from circulation.

Since DBMSs comprise a significant economical market, computer and storage vendors often take into account DBMS requirements in their own development plans.

Since 1991, Dartmouth students have been required to own a personal computer.

Since DBMSs comprise a significant economical market, computer and storage vendors often take into account DBMS requirements in their own development plans.

Since " The Sage has no heart of his own ;

Since the energy levels of electrons in atoms are discrete, each element and each molecule emits and absorbs its own characteristic frequencies.

Since our own Milky Way Galaxy has at least 200 billion stars, it must also contain tens or hundreds of billions of planets.

Since 1809, the Grand Duchy had benefited from a customs organization, an independent domestic state budget, its own currency ( Finnish markka, since 1860 ) and the industrial progress during 1860 – 1916.

Since its reformation under private law in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG ) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns ; in addition to the DBAG system there are about 280 privately or locally owned railway companies which own an approximate 3, 000 km to 4, 000 km of the total tracks and use DB tracks in open access.

Since this book is so large and Absalon has greater importance than King Valdemar I, this book may have been written first and comprised a work on its own.

Since 2002 the GCC has been defunct, or in its own words, " deactivated ".

Since the 1950s, when Lacan and Foucault argued that each epoch has its own knowledge system, which individuals are inexorably entangled with, many post-structuralists have used historicism to describe the view that all questions must be settled within the cultural and social context in which they are raised.

Since his absence from Rome might limit his ability to install his own consuls, he passed a law which allowed him to appoint all magistrates in 43 BC, and all consuls and tribunes in 42 BC.

Since Raymond was his nearest relative in the male line with a strong claim to the throne, there was concern about the extent of his ambitions, although he had no direct heirs of his own.

Since 1995, Lomography has been the sole distributor of that camera outside of the former Soviet Union, and has since moved into producing their own range of analog cameras, and other imports such as the Diana camera.

Since the introduction of the original Lomo LC-A, Lomography has produced and marketed an entire line of their own analog cameras.

Since the early 1970s he has refused to write for conventional symphony orchestras and has instead opted to write for his own idiosyncratic instrumental combinations, which often retain some traditional orchestral instruments alongside electric guitars, electric basses, and congas.