Since Wesberry v. Sanders ( 1964 ) and Reynolds v. Sims ( 1964 ), the Supreme Court has interpreted the Equal Protection Clause as requiring the states to apportion their congressional districts and state legislative seats according to " one man, one vote ".

Since 1801, most of the United States Constitution has not applied to the District, because of Congress's " exclusive " interpretation ( Rights Supporters say " unchecked and unbalanced ", but a neutral reporter might say " without Checks and Balances ") of Article One, Section 8, Clause 17.

Since the 1942 Quirin case, the US signed and ratified the 1949 Geneva Conventions, which are, therefore, considered to be a part of US municipal law, in accordance with the Supremacy Clause in the Constitution of the United States.

Since Johnson is considered by those both inside and outside the movement to be the father and architect of the intelligent design movement and its strategies, Johnson's statements are often used to validate the criticisms leveled by those who allege that the Discovery Institute and its allied organizations are merely stripping the obvious religious content from their anti-evolution assertions as a means of avoiding the legal restrictions of the Establishment Clause, a view reinforced by the December 2005 ruling in the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial which found that intelligent design is not science and is essentially religious in nature.

Since the latter half of the Rehnquist Court era, Congressional use of the Commerce Clause has become slightly restricted again, being limited only to matters of trade ( whether interstate or not ) and production ( whether commercial or not ).

Since judicial interpretations of constitutional limitations on Congressional exercise of its Commerce Clause powers represent an invasion of the democratic process which may not be overturned through ordinary democratic means, the Court has continued to assert that the primary limitation on the unwise exercise of Congressional Commerce Clause power by Congress must be found at the ballot box.

Since Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States, the Puerto Rico Constitution is bound to adhere to the postulates of the U. S. Constitution due to the Supremacy Clause, and of relevant Federal legislation due to the Territorial Clause.

Since an act of Congress challenging the accepted interpretation of the Citizenship Clause might very possibly be ruled unconstitutional by courts choosing to rely on Wong Kim Ark as a precedent, proposals have also been made to amend the Constitution so as to override the Fourteenth Amendment's language and deny citizenship to U. S .- born children of illegal aliens or foreign visitors.

Since it never entered commerce at all, much less interstate commerce, he argued that it was not a proper subject of federal regulation under the Commerce Clause.

Since the 1942 Quirin case, the U. S. signed and ratified the 1949 Geneva Conventions, which were thus considered to be a part of U. S. municipal law, in accordance with Article 6, paragraph 2, of the Constitution of the United States ( the Supremacy Clause ).

Since no other justice, either in majority or dissent, attempted to question his rationale, this is considered by some as a revival of the Privileges or Immunities Clause.

( Since the time-span of the nation-state coincides roughly with the separate existence of the United States as an independent entity, it is perhaps natural for Americans to think of the nation as representative of the highest form of order, something permanent and unchanging.

Since the Connally amendment has the effect of giving the same right to the other party to a dispute with the United States, it also prevents us from using the court effectively.

Since the days when their two thousand pairs of skis outnumbered those assembled anywhere else in the United States, the students have stopped regarding the Olympic Ski Team as another name for their own.

Since 1998, Angola has successfully worked with the United Nations Security Council to impose and carry out sanctions on UNITA.

Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of complementarism by trying to have friendly relations both with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and Europe.

Since conference and of the Food and Agriculture Organization's publication World Festival of Trees, and a resolution of the United Nations in 1954: " The Conference, recognising the need of arousing mass consciousness of the aesthetic, physical and economic value of trees, recommends a World Festival of Trees to be celebrated annually in each member country on a date suited to local conditions "; it has been adopted by the Netherlands.

Since 1997, Autumn has been one of the top 100 names for girls in the United States.

Since the Weimar Republic lacked the quantity of raw materials available to the United States and Great Britain, it had to rely on the proficiency of a skilled labor force and an ability to export innovative and high quality goods.

Since the implementation of concordats between the ELCA and the Episcopal Church of the United States and the ELCIC and the Anglican Church of Canada, all bishops, including the Presiding Bishop ( ELCA ) or the National Bishop ( ELCIC ), have been consecrated using the historic succession, with at least one Anglican bishop serving as co-consecrator.

Since the mid 1980s, the United States has had a growing deficit in tradeable goods, especially with Asian nations ( China and Japan ) which now hold large sums of U. S debt that has funded the consumption.

Since the award criteria state that the Bronze Star Medal may be awarded to " any person ... while serving in any capacity in or with " the U. S. Armed Forces, awards to members of foreign armed services serving with the United States are permitted.

Chaplin decided not to re-enter the United States, writing: " Since the end of the last world war, I have been the object of lies and propaganda by powerful reactionary groups who, by their influence and by the aid of America's yellow press, have created an unhealthy atmosphere in which liberal-minded individuals can be singled out and persecuted.

Since 1916, there have been several different nutrition guidelines issued by the United States government, eventually leading up to the food pyramid.

Since gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1960, Cyprus has had a record of successful economic performance, reflected in strong growth, full employment conditions and relative stability.

Since the introduction of the comic book format in 1933 with the publication of Famous Funnies, the United States has produced the most titles, along with British comics and Japanese manga, in terms of quantity of titles.

" Since the 1950s conservatism in the United States has been chiefly associated with the Republican Party.

Since the international adoption of the MKS standard in the 1940s and the SI standard in the 1960s, the technical use of CGS units has gradually declined worldwide, in the United States more slowly than elsewhere.

Since mid-1982, United States pennies are made of 97. 5 % zinc, coated with 2. 5 % copper.

* 1824 – United States presidential election, 1824: Since no candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Since the beginning of Norman rule in the 12th century, the city has functioned as the capital in varying geopolitical entities: Lordship of Ireland ( 1171 – 1541 ), Kingdom of Ireland ( 1541 – 1800 ), island as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( 1801 – 1922 ), and the Irish Republic ( 1919 – 1922 ).

Since the late 1990s, Dublin has experienced a significant level of net immigration, with the greatest numbers coming from the European Union, especially the United Kingdom, Poland and Lithuania.

Since that time, involuntary deprogramming has been virtually unknown in the United States.

Since 1991, Ethiopia has established warm relations with the United States and western Europe and has sought substantial economic aid from Western countries and World Bank.

Since its arrival in 1974, what is known as Danza Azteca in the U. S., ( and known by several names in its homeland of the central States of Mexico: danza Conchera, De la Conquista, Chichimeca, and so on.

Since 1991, Ethiopia has established warm relations with the United States and western Europe and has sought substantial economic aid from Western countries and the World Bank.

Since September 11, 2001, the island is guarded by patrols of the United States Park Police Marine Patrol Unit.

Since the collapse of the Taliban government in 2001, new trade relations are emerging with the United States, Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, the EU, Japan, Uzbekistan, India and other countries.

* Since the 1950s, the United States Atomic Energy Commission has named its highest honor, the Fermi Award, after him.

" Since the Constitution placed the sole power of impeachment in two political bodies, it is qualified as a political question.

Since 1997, however, the use of the Seal of the Republic has not actually been required by the Constitution, but it continues to be used.

Since self-determination is not recognized in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, some Basques abstained and some even voted against it in the referendum of December 6 of that year.

Since the Constitution required that the President be a citizen, she was excluded from holding the office.

Since independence, the Constitution has been amended by the government to provide for:

Since its conception in 1928 and its official recognition in 1945 Constitution, the Indonesian language has been loaded with nationalist political agenda on unifying Indonesia ( former Dutch East Indies ).

No distinctions based on race, religion or sex are allowed under the 1958 French Constitution .< http :// thisnation. com / library / france. html > Since the 1980s, a French version of affirmative action based on neighborhood is in place for primary and secondary education.

Since he is bound by the Constitution ( above all other ideological and religious considerations, political opinions and debates and economic interests ) the King acts as an arbiter and guardian of Belgium's unity and independence.

Since 1968 Bermuda has had a Constitution that sets out its structure of government.

Since 1996, John Paul II's Apostolic Constitution Universi Dominici Gregis requires the cardinals to be lodged in the Domus Sanctae Marthae during a papal conclave, but to continue to vote in the Sistine Chapel.

Since the Commonwealth Government had become responsible for state debts in 1928 under an amendment to the Constitution, the new UAP government of Joseph Lyons paid the interest to the overseas bondholders, and then set about extracting the money from NSW by passing the Financial Agreement Enforcement Act 1932, which the High Court held to be valid.

Since 2010, the Croatian Constitution recognizes Romanians (" Rumunji ") as one of 22 national minorities.

Since passage of the 14th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, the decision has not been a precedent case, but retains historical significance as perhaps the worst decision ever made by the Supreme Court.

Since the new Constitution of Ireland in 1937, the University has elected three Senators to Seanad Éireann.

: Since the Constitution of the United States says nothing about this subject, it is left to be resolved by normal democratic means, including the democratic adoption of provisions in state constitutions.

Since 1932, under the provisions of the Statute, some of the articles of the original Constitution which were required by the Anglo-Irish Treaty, had been dismantled by Acts of parliament.

Since 1970, the Belgian Constitution includes the possibility to create agglomerations and federations of municipalities by law.

Since a 1958 amendment to the Minnesota Constitution governors are elected to four-year terms.

Since then, the Constitution has mandated an equitable distribution of seats among the cantons and language regions of the country, without setting concrete quotas.

Since Austria had not finalized its decision to structure itself as a federation prior to the formal implementation of the definitive Constitution of Austria on 1 October 1920, referring to Seitz as Federal President would have been inaccurate.

Since the 18th century the Constitution of the national Episcopal Church has permitted the creation of a national Court of Appeal, which would be " solely for the review of the determination of any Court of Review on questions of Doctrine, Faith, or Worship ".