Since the Supreme Court's decision of that year this is more doubtful ; ;

Since the U. S. Supreme Court ruling in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., lay judges have become " gatekeepers " of scientific testimony.

Since the Spending Clause of the United States Constitution vests only Congress with power to spend money from the public fisc, the Supreme Court has held that only Congress may waive sovereign immunity, and Congress may place limitations on any such waiver.

Since all such proposals have failed, the Supreme Court has never ruled on the constitutionality of such a division.

Since Wesberry v. Sanders ( 1964 ) and Reynolds v. Sims ( 1964 ), the Supreme Court has interpreted the Equal Protection Clause as requiring the states to apportion their congressional districts and state legislative seats according to " one man, one vote ".

Since 1935, the Supreme Court has met in the United States Supreme Court Building.

Since he was serving in Japan as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers occupying that nation, he was unable to campaign for the nomination.

Since the debates about whether the future independent Estonia would be established as a new republic or a continuation of the first republic were not yet complete by the time of the August coup, while the members of the Supreme Soviet generally agreed that independence should be declared rapidly, a compromise was hatched between the two main sides: instead of " declaring " independence, which would imply a new start, or explicitly asserting continuity, the declaration would " confirm " Estonia as a state independent of the Soviet Union, and willing to reestablish diplomatic relations of its own accord.

Since at least Dartmouth College v. Woodward ( 1819 ), the U. S. Supreme Court has recognized corporations as having the same rights as natural persons to contract and to enforce contracts.

Since the Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission in 2010, upholding the rights of corporations to make political expenditures under the First Amendment, there have been several calls for a US Constitutional amendment to abolish Corporate Personhood.

* Since the episode aired in 1992, the Simpsons episode, Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie, ends likely at this year, stating 40 years later, with Bart in his 50s and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, watches the repeat of the repeat of the Itchy and Scratchy film, with his elderly father Homer.

Since the late 20th century and the rise of Indian activism over sovereignty issues, as well as many tribes ' establishment of casino gambling on reservations as a revenue source, the US Supreme Court has been asked repeatedly to address the IRA's constitutionality.

Since the replacement of the House of Lords with the Supreme Court the full title of a solicitor is now " Solicitor of the Senior Courts of England and Wales ".

Since passage of the 14th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, the decision has not been a precedent case, but retains historical significance as perhaps the worst decision ever made by the Supreme Court.

Since 1997 the movement in Greece has been institutionalized under the Supreme Council of Ethnikoi Hellenes.

Since the Judiciary Act of 1925 and the Supreme Court Case Selections Act of 1988, most cases cannot be appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court as a matter of right.

Since the Supreme Court decided Bakke, California banned the state's use of race as a factor to consider in public schools ' admission policies.

Since Griswold, the Supreme Court has cited the right to privacy in several rulings, most notably in Roe v. Wade, 410 U. S. 113 ( 1973 ), where the Court ruled that a woman's choice to have an abortion was protected as a private decision between her and her doctor.

Since most students are fluent in both English and French, and receive a uniquely transsystemic legal education, they are highly successful as candidates for clerkships at the bilingual and bijuridical Supreme Court of Canada.

Since 2010, several other federal courts have found DOMA to be unconstitutional, and five of those cases are awaiting a response for review by the U. S. Supreme Court.

Since these recounts resulted in a sizable net gain for Gore ( 665 net Gore votes ) they have no bearing on the assessment that Bush would likely have won the recounts requested by Gore and ordered by the Florida Supreme Court.

Since the matter has not been determined by the Supreme Court of Canada, it is still possible that a woman could be convicted elsewhere in Canada, but interpretation of moral law in Canada has become increasingly liberalised.

Since May 2004 the Leader of the Havering London Borough Council has been Councillor Michael White.

Since then it has been endowed with papers from other political figures including former Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major, as well as former Leader of the Opposition Neil Kinnock, alongside those of eminent scientists and engineers, including Reginald Victor Jones, Rosalind Franklin and Sir Frank Whittle.

Since the premiership of Clement Attlee, the position of Lord Privy Seal has frequently been combined with that of Leader of the House of Lords or Leader of the House of Commons.

( Since 2001 this constituency has been represented by the Leader of the Conservative Party and current Prime Minister David Cameron.

Since assuming office as Leader of the Opposition, Miliband has softened some of the more left-wing ideas he had adopted during the leadership election but remains committed to causes such as a Living Wage and the 50 % tax rate.

Since its inception, the Center has gathered a group of high-profile senior fellows, including Lawrence Korb, Assistant Secretary of Defense under President Ronald Reagan ; Gene Sperling, Director of the National Economic Council under Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama ; Ruy Teixeira, political scientist and author of The Emerging Democratic Majority ; and, most recently, former Senate Minority Leader Tom Daschle and Elizabeth Edwards, late wife of former Presidential candidate and former U. S. Sen. from North Carolina John Edwards.

Since his party came to power in 1997, he has served as PPS to Dr David Clark as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1997-8 and to Baroness Jay of Paddington as Lord Privy Seal, Leader of the Lords and Minister for Women 1998-2001.

Since there is rarely time for any extracurricular activities outside of the program, any sort of group activity expenses are paid for out of the group budget and have to be agreed upon by the group and the Project Leader, i. e. hiking, visiting cultural centers, theater and media presentations, etc.

Since 1937, the Leader of the Opposition has received a state salary in addition to their salary as a Member of Parliament ( MP ), now equivalent to a Cabinet Minister.

Since 1915, the Leader of the Opposition has, like the Prime Minister, always been a member of the House of Commons.

Since 2003, this Minister of State status has been obscured in all but the most official circumstances by the use of a " Leader of the Government in the House of Commons " style in its place.

Since cases are referred to the SCC directly by the office of the Supreme Leader, in theory, the Supreme Leader is in a position to refer any case to the SCC which he deems as involving some sort of “ crime ”.

Since 1947, the Republican members of the United States Senate have elected a policy committee chairman, who is the fourth-ranking Republican, behind the Republican Leader, Republican Whip, and Republican Conference Chairman.

Since then it has been in the Doncaster North constituency, whose current MP is Ed Miliband, Leader of the Labour Party.

Since 1985, Shrum has conceived and produced advertising ( TV, radio, print ) for twenty-six winning U. S. Senate campaigns ; eight winning campaigns for Governor ; the Mayors of New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Denver, Dade County and San Francisco, and the Democratic Leader of the United States House of Representatives.

Since 2007 Harriet Harman has been Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, the UK's current opposition party.

Since the Cylons are dedicated to the complete annihilation of humanity, the Imperious Leader goes back on his word, and destroys all twelve Colonies in the attack.

Since the take over by the Johnston Press, the Limerick Leader has pursued a more " tabloid " agenda concentrating on headlines designed to shock and veering away from the more traditionally " Limerick Pride " Agenda for which the paper was known over the years.

Since the band went on hiatus, Robbins and Bean formed the band WELL and Paul Buckley drums for Dear Leader and runs independent record label Lunch Records.

Since neither Manley nor Bustamante had contested the Federal elections, Sir Grantley Adams became the Federal Prime Minister, while Ashford Sinanan was the ( DLP ) Leader of the Opposition.

Since that time Dr. Church has led a number of programs with CSIRO Division of Oceanography and was Program Leader of the Oceanography Program ( now non-existent ), Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions ; former Project Leader, Leader, Southern Ocean Processes Project ( now non-existent ), CSIRO Division of Marine and atmospheric Research, Polar Waters Program ( now-non-existent ), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre.