Since the most likely form of fluorine to enter the body is hydrogen fluoride ( HF ) gas, this is what starts the process.

Since Lavoisier's knowledge of strong acids was mainly restricted to oxoacids, such as ( nitric acid ) and ( sulphuric acid ), which tend to contain central atoms in high oxidation states surrounded by oxygen, and since he was not aware of the true composition of the hydrohalic acids ( HF, HCl, HBr, and HI ), he defined acids in terms of their containing oxygen, which in fact he named from Greek words meaning " acid-former " ( from the Greek οξυς ( oxys ) meaning " acid " or " sharp " and γεινομαι ( geinomai ) meaning " engender ").

Since the energy levels of electrons in atoms are discrete, each element and each molecule emits and absorbs its own characteristic frequencies.

Since unsaturated fats contain fewer carbon-hydrogen bonds than saturated fats with the same number of carbon atoms, unsaturated fats will yield slightly less energy during metabolism than saturated fats with the same number of carbon atoms.

Since in organic chemistry non-carbons usually are considered to replace carbon atoms, they are called heteroatoms, meaning ' different from carbon and hydrogen ' ( rings of heteroatoms of the same element are homocyclic ).

Since counter-clockwise may be defined in terms of up, forward, and right, this experiment unambiguously differentiates left from right using only natural elements: If they were reversed, or the atoms spun clockwise, the radiation would follow the spin axis instead of being opposite to it.

* The atomic mass unit ( u ) is defined so that a single carbon-12 atom has a mass of 12 u ; 1 u is approximately .< ref group =" note "> Since the Avogadro constant N < sub > A </ sub > is defined as the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon-12, it follows that 1 u is exactly 1 /( 10 < sup > 3 </ sup > N < sub > A </ sub >) kg .</ ref > The atomic mass unit is convenient for expressing the masses of atoms and molecules.

Since all atoms vibrate proportionally to their absolute temperature, a thermal neutron has the best opportunity to fission U-235 when it is moving at this same vibrational speed.

Since there are N atoms in total,

Since E < sub > 2 </ sub >-E < sub > 1 </ sub > ≫ kT, it follows that the argument of the exponential in the equation above is a large negative number, and as such N < sub > 2 </ sub >/ N < sub > 1 </ sub > is vanishingly small ; i. e., there are almost no atoms in the excited state.

Since only a few atoms must be excited into the upper laser level to form a population inversion, a four-level laser is much more efficient than a three-level one, and most practical lasers are of this type.

Since there are so many ( on the order of 10 < exp > 22 </ exp >) atoms in a macroscopic crystal, the resulting energy states available for electrons are very closely spaced.

* Since the water molecule is not linear and the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen atoms, it carries a slight negative charge, whereas the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive.

Since the 1920s, X-ray diffraction has been the principal method for determining the arrangement of atoms in minerals and metals.

Since it is difficult to visualize all the atoms at once, the ribbon shows the rough path of the protein polymer from its N-terminus ( blue ) to its C-terminus ( red ).

Since Bragg's law does not interpret the relative intensities of the reflections, however, it is generally inadequate to solve for the arrangement of atoms within the unit-cell ; for that, a Fourier transform method must be carried out.

Since the standard unit for expressing the mass of molecules or atoms ( the dalton or atomic mass unit ) is defined as 1 / 12 of the mass of a < sup > 12 </ sup > C atom, it follows that the molar mass of a substance, measured in grams per mole, is exactly equal to its mean molecular or atomic mass, measured in daltons ; which is to say, to the substance's mean molecular or atomic weight.

Since it corresponded to chemists ' ideas of localized bonds between pairs of atoms, this method ( called the Valence-Bond ( VB ) or Heitler-London-Slater-Pauling ( HLSP ) method ), was very popular.

Since these can be viewed as being made of millions of coupled moving parts ( such as atoms ), they can have millions of resonant frequencies.

Since the volume-specific corollary of the Dulong-Petit specific heat capacity relationship requires that atoms of all elements take up ( on average ) the same volume in solids, there are many departures from it, with most of these due to variations in atomic size.

Since leptons are only sensitive to weak, electromagnetic and gravitational forces, muonic atoms are governed to very high precision by the electromagnetic interaction.

Since one cannot observe things as small as atoms directly, and since no atomic model at the time was consistent, the atomic hypothesis seemed to Mach to be unwarranted, and perhaps not sufficiently " economical ".

Since Parts 1, and 2, were prepared independently, the abbreviation schemes and the chemical symbols used differ in the two parts.

Since each of these markets differ in their requirements for CPUs, the devices designed for one market are in most cases inappropriate for the other markets.

Since this variable is not passed as a parameter but can be altered, the results of subsequent calls to the function can differ even if the parameters are identical.

Since the two lakes differ in level by, the rapids linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity.

Since buttons and fields could also exist on the background layer, but their content would differ between cards, there were s, s etc.

Since the other researcher's conditions might differ from those of the present experiment in unknown ways, differences in the outcome might have no relation to the independent variable under consideration.

Since the term différance refers to the dual meanings of the French word difference to mean both “ to differ ” and “ to defer ,” defamiliarization draws attention to the use of common language in such a way as to alter one ’ s perception of an easily understandable object or concept.

:* Since two different signatures from one person will always differ, this shows that the authentic Truman signature from the letter to Bush was copied onto the bogus letter to Forrestal, which was then photocopied.

Since DVI uses a certain bit code scheme for trying to transport an evenly balanced signal of 0 and 1 bits there may not be much difference between two pixel colours that differ very much in their colour or intensity.

Since the crown of Aragon was juridically independent of Castile, their policies towards Muslims could and did differ during this period.

Since different covariates will have different variances, their powers will differ as well.

Since the various Gelao dialects differ greatly from each other, Mandarin has been used as a lingua franca and is now the main language spoken by Gelaos.

Since the operators are spacelike separated, a different order can only create states that differ by a phase.

Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.

Since 1597 it has been divided, for religious reasons, into two half-cantons, which are quite independent of each other, and differ in many points.

Since each province and state's laws may differ from others, it is generally advised that prospective sellers or buyers consult a licensed real estate professional.

" Since Gerbner believed that violence was the structure of TV drama and knowing that people differ in levels of television consumed, Gerbner wanted to find the cultivation differential.

Since BGL ( R )< sup >+</ sup > is path connected and K < sub > 0 </ sub >( R ) discrete, this definition doesn't differ in higher degrees and also holds for n = 0.

Since the Marsileaceae grow both kinds together in a single cluster, they differ from other plants in this regard as well.

Since economic phenomena are the result of the interaction among many heterogeneous agents, there is an analogy with statistical mechanics, where many particles interact ; but it must be taken into account that the properties of human beings and particles significantly differ.

Since the physical appearance of snakes may differ, there is often no practical way to identify a species and professional medical attention should be sought.

Since the nature of the overlapping orbitals are different in H < sub > 2 </ sub > and F < sub > 2 </ sub > molecules, the bond strength and bond lengths differ between

( Since it is maximally complete, only one such state of affairs could actually obtain ; all the others would differ from the actual world in various large or small ways.

Since images will naturally differ due to factors such as varying lighting, camera flicker, and CCD dark currents, pre-processing is useful to reduce the number of false positive alarms.