Since this process does not involve any heat transfer or work, the First Law of Thermodynamics then implies that the net internal energy change of the system is zero.

Since classical analog filters are IIR filters, there has been a long history of studying the range of possible transfer functions implementing various of the above desired filter responses in continuous time systems.

Since packet transfer is not reliable, a technique known as positive acknowledgment with retransmission is used to guarantee reliability of packet transfers.

Since the power flow in a DC link is controlled independently of the phases of the AC networks at either end of the link, this stability limit does not apply to a DC line, and it can transfer its full thermal rating.

The transfer principle states that true first order statements about R are also valid in * R. For example, the commutative law of addition, x + y = y + x, holds for the hyperreals just as it does for the reals ; since R is a real closed field, so is * R. Since for all integers n, one also has for all hyperintegers H. The transfer principle for ultrapowers is a consequence of Łoś ' theorem of 1955.

Since the SPE's load / store instructions can read / write only its own local memory, an SPE entirely depends on DMAs to transfer data to and from the main memory and local memories of other SPEs.

Since the transfer of station licenses was again involved, the FCC set hearings, which proved to be contentious.

Since the transfer of Eurostar services from Waterloo, the former Eurostar platforms 20-24 of Waterloo International have remained unused.

Since most of the archive and stock footage used in the film were shot in a 4: 3 aspect ratio, most of the film was horizontally stretched to accommodate the wider aspect ratio used in the cinema and in the DVD transfer.

Since the transfer of the assets and responsibilities of British Waterways to the Canal & River Trust the Waterways Trust in England and Wales has merged with the Canal & River Trust.

Since 2000, the township has entered into four 425 Agreements with the neighboring city of Lansing, which has resulted in the temporary transfer of of land to Lansing.

Since the report, the transfer of the Government of Northwest Territories has taken over responsibilities for several other programs and services including the delivery of health care, administration of airports and forestry management.

Since then the airport has been a common transfer point for people traveling between mainland China and Taiwan, as well as a passenger hub for destinations in mainland China and Southeast Asia.

Since 1969, Episcopal Conferences may, if they wish, transfer it to a date outside Lent.

Since this transfer of sovereignty occurred in 1945 before the promulgation of the 1947 constitution, the ROC government is of the view that a resolution by the National Assembly was unnecessary.

A section, Terminal E has opened, connecting Terminal D and F. Since 3 July 2010 a walkway opened between Terminals D, E, F and the Aeroexpress railway terminal on the public access side and since 2 November 2010 a walkway opened between terminals D, E, and F on the security side simplifying transfer between transit flights.

Since 1999, the Secretary of State has a much reduced role as a result of the transfer of responsibilities to the Scottish Parliament and Scottish Government.

Since the integral of the rate of information transfer with respect to time is information quantity, this requirement leads to a corresponding minimum energy per bit.

Since 2003, Peterson has been contracted by the federal government to be its chief negotiator in talks with the government of the Northwest Territories and aboriginal leaders to transfer federal powers over lands and resources.

Since 909, 698 is 62. 9 % of 1, 446, 231, each of Hutchins's votes is transferred to other candidates as 62. 9 % of a vote: each vote is said to have a transfer value of 0. 629.

Since his transfer to Liverpool he has updated it and included a section about his return to Anfield.

Since the transfer of Hong Kong's sovereignty to the People's Republic of China in 1997, immigrants from mainland China have greatly exceeded those from Hong Kong.

Since gemstones have two sides ( the crown and pavilion ), a device often called a " transfer jig " is used to flip the stone so that each side may be cut and polished.

Since 1648 the Brazilian Armed Forces have been relied upon to fight in defense of Brazilian sovereignty and to suppress civil rebellions.

Since most disagreements over what to include in the constitution were ultimately disputes over the balance of sovereignty between the states and national government, Madison's influence was critical.

Since December 20, 1999, the defense of Macau has been the responsibility of the Chinese People's Liberation Army ( PLA ), which stations between 500-600 troops in the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, primarily as a symbolic presence to underscore Chinese sovereignty.

Since then, the People's Republic of China has been involved in disputes with the ROC over issues of sovereignty and the political status of Taiwan.

Since the return of Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese sovereignty in 1997 and 1999, respectively, the two territories have retained their legal, political, and economic systems.

Since the late 20th century and the rise of Indian activism over sovereignty issues, as well as many tribes ' establishment of casino gambling on reservations as a revenue source, the US Supreme Court has been asked repeatedly to address the IRA's constitutionality.

Since Taiwan's sovereignty belongs to China, the PRC's government and supporters mantain that the secession of Taiwan should be agreed upon by the 1. 3 billion Chinese citizens instead of just the 23 million ROC citizens who currently live in Taiwan.

Since the establishment of sovereignty with the ratification of the constitution in 1993, Andorra has moved to become an active member of the international community.

Since 1547, it called itself the Tsardom of Rus ( or Russia ) and claimed the sovereignty over " all the Rus '".

Since constitutional law cannot be altered by state legislatures, this direct democracy component gives the people an automatic superiority and sovereignty, over representative government ( Magelby, 1984 ).

Since the late twentieth century, both the state and the United States have improved respect of indigenous rights and tribal sovereignty, but conflicts between the Tongva and the rapidly expanding population of Los Angeles have often required resolution in the courts.

Since then, legal commentators have argued that whatever the state of Māori government in 1840, the British had acknowledged Māori sovereignty with the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand in 1835.

Since the Antarctic Treaty came into force in 1961, Article 4 of which states " The treaty does not recognize, dispute, nor establish territorial sovereignty claims ; no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force ", most countries do not recognise territorial claims in Antarctica.

Since 2000, Akaka has sponsored legislation to afford sovereignty to native Hawaiians.

Since the mid-1940s the term has appeared on maps circulated first in Yugoslavia and especially after 1991 in the independent Republic of Macedonia, which envisioned Greek Macedonia ( referred to as " Aegean Macedonia ") as part of a " Greater Macedonia ", and is regarded as a non-recognition of current European borders, including the legitimacy of Greek sovereignty over the area.

Since the 1970s further issues arose between the two countries over sovereignty rights in the Aegean Sea.

* Since 1996, the sovereignty over some small uninhabited islets, most notably Imia.

Since the rise of the sovereignty movement, this option seems to gather a solid 40 % of support among Quebec voters.

Since World War II, however, the Akimel O ’ Odham have experienced a resurgence of interest in tribal sovereignty and economic development, as the community has become a self-governing entity, developed several profitable enterprises in fields such as agriculture and telecommunications, built several casinos, and begun the process of revitalizing their farming economy by constructing a water delivery system across the reservation.

Since the handover of sovereignty to Iraqis, many of the facilities in the Green Zone have been turned over to the new Iraqi government.

Since the British claim to control in Sudan theoretically depended upon Egyptian sovereignty, the revolutionaries calculated that this tactic would leave the UK with no option but to withdraw.

Since the transfer of sovereignty in June 2004, the Development Fund for Iraq has been managed by the Iraqi Transitional Government.