: Since some loose-jointed people are able to pop a joint out of its socket without pain, it may be hard to tell whether a joint is actually dislocated without an x-ray.

Since EXAFS requires a tunable x-ray source, data are always collected at synchrotrons, often at beamlines which are especially optimized for the purpose.

Since infrared, optical, x-ray and gamma-ray frequencies are so high, the temporal component of electromagnetic waves is usually ignored at these wavelengths, and it is only the phase of the spatial oscillation that is described.

Since fluorescence emission differs in wavelength ( color ) from the excitation light, an ideal fluorescent image shows only the structure of interest that was labeled with the fluorescent dye.

Since any fluorescence image is made up of a large number of such small fluorescent light sources, the image is said to be " convolved by the point spread function ".

Since at least 2010 health organizations have recommended that the RAST test be abandoned as a diagnostic test for allergy in favor of more sensitive fluorescence enzyme-labeled assays.

Since the T < sub > 0 </ sub >- T < sub > 0 </ sub > interaction takes time, the scintillation light is delayed: this is the slow or delayed component ( corresponding to delayed fluorescence ).

Since the excited state has a lifetime, the fluorescence will be delayed with respect to the excitation signal, and the lifetime can be determined from the phase shift.

Since the fluorescence lifetime of a fluorophore depends on both radiative ( i. e. fluorescence ) and non-radiative ( i. e. quenching, FRET ) processes, energy transfer from the donor molecule to the acceptor molecule will decrease the lifetime of the donor.

Since then, there has been a notable increase in the number of stations and also the accumulation of additional data and the development of new techniques for using it, leading to a better understanding of propagation phenomena.

Since then, biochemistry has advanced, especially since the mid-20th century, with the development of new techniques such as chromatography, X-ray diffraction, dual polarisation interferometry, NMR spectroscopy, radioisotopic labeling, electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, not machines or techniques.

Since then, over 1, 700 clinical trials have been conducted using a number of techniques for gene therapy.

Since organic compounds often exist as mixtures, a variety of techniques have also been developed to assess purity, especially important being chromatography techniques such as HPLC and gas chromatography.

Since synthetic polymerization techniques typically yield a polymer product including a range of molecular weights, the weight is often expressed statistically to describe the distribution of chain lengths present in the same.

Since the 1970s, a large number and variety of encryption, digital signature, key agreement, and other techniques have been developed in the field of public-key cryptography.

Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, not machines or techniques.

Since the rise of experimental psychology in the late 19th Century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques.

Since the mid-20th Century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques.

Since the mid-1990s, starspot observations have been made using increasingly powerful techniques yielding more and more detail: photometry showed starspot growth and decay and showed cyclic behavior similar to the Sun's ; spectroscopy examined the structure of starspot regions by analyzing variations in spectral line splitting due to the Zeeman Effect ; Doppler imaging showed differential rotation of spots for several stars and distributions different from the Sun's ; spectral line analysis measured the temperature range of spots and the stellar surfaces.

Since its introduction in the early 90s, new computer video techniques have been introduced which the original AVI specification did not anticipate:

Since the end of 1990s, broadband access techniques such as ADSL, Cable modems, fiber-to-the-building ( FTTB ) and fiber-to-the-home ( FTTH ) have become wide spread to small offices and homes.

Since that time, patents on various well-known arithmetic coding techniques have also expired.

Since determining the order of execution of operations ( including which operations can execute simultaneously ) is handled by the compiler, the processor does not need the scheduling hardware that the three techniques described above require.

Since the 1990s, more sensitive molecular techniques have been used to determine carrier status.

Since 1960 Johns has worked closely with Universal Limited Art Editions, Inc ( ULAE ) in a variety of printmaking techniques to investigate and develop existing compositions.

When objectively analyzing the condition for learning Gagné says: “ Since the purpose of instruction is learning, the central focus for rational derivation of instructional techniques is the human learner.

Since these services involve flying into steep, short, or otherwise difficult runways, JAARS provides its personnel with training in STOL and other specialised techniques.

Since this time the basic Taijutsu of Kukishin-ryū is Takagi-ryū while the Bōjutsu, Spear and Naginata techniques have remained Kukishin-ryū. r

Since its rebirth in the 1950s, advancements in computing technology have allowed scientists from many disciplines to pair traditional Bayesian statistics with random walk techniques.

Since contemporary musicians use different vocal techniques, microphones, and are not forced to fit into a specific vocal role, applying such terms as soprano, tenor, baritone, etc.

Since UWB has almost impulse-like channel response, a combination of multiple antenna techniques is preferable as well.

Since the techniques of calculus were unknown, it was generally presumed that a squaring should be done via geometric constructions, that is, by compass and straightedge.

Since the latter obviously require an audacity you do not possess, you may perhaps suppose that I am taunting you as socially inferior.

Since membership is based on a province's communion with Canterbury, expulsion would require the Archbishop of Canterbury's refusal to be in communion with the affected jurisdiction ( s ).

Since all anchors that embed themselves in the bottom require the strain to be along the seabed, anchors can be broken out of the bottom by shortening the rode until the vessel is directly above the anchor ( at this point the anchor chain is " up and down " in naval parlance ).

Since we require the process to be adiabatic, the following equation needs to be true

Since many scientific applications require incubation at temperatures close to human body temperature ( 37 ° C ), agar is more appropriate than other solidifying agents that melt at this temperature, such as gelatin.

Since longer symmetric keys require exponentially more work to brute force search, a sufficiently long symmetric key makes this line of attack impractical.

Since AIDS is now defined partially by the presence of HIV, Duesberg claims it is impossible by definition to offer evidence that AIDS doesn't require HIV.

Since about 93 % of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data.

Since the Council of Orange II against semi-pelagianism, the Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless.

Since many pagan beliefs do not require exclusivity, some pagans practise other faiths in parallel.

Since nuclear chain reactions only require natural materials ( such as water and uranium ), it is possible to have these chain reactions occur where there is the right combination of materials within the Earth's crust.

Since Filmer's views essentially require that the Stuart family be uniquely descended from the patriarchs of the Bible, and since even in the late 17th century that was a difficult view to uphold, Locke attacked Filmer's views in his First Treatise on Government, freeing him to set out his own views in the Second Treatise on Civil Government.

Automobile exhaust gas capture has also been proposed to be economical but would require extensive design changes or retrofitting .< ref name = Musadi2011 > Since carbonic acid in seawater is in chemical equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, extraction of carbon from seawater has been studied.

Since this operation PLAN has sought the leadership of the ‘ Shared Awareness and Deconfliction ’ body ( SHADE ), which would require an increase in the number of vessels contributing to the anti-piracy fleet.

Since in astronomical applications this measurement cannot be done directly, because that would require travelling to the distant star of interest, the method using spectral lines described here is used instead.

Since operations such as inserting, deleting, and finding values require worst-case time proportional to the height of the tree, this theoretical upper bound on the height allows red – black trees to be efficient in the worst case, unlike ordinary binary search trees.

Since then, changes to the line length have been a relatively common variant, such that Stephen Burt has written: " sestinas, as the form exists today, not require expertise with inherited meter …".

Since either of these options would require the assistance of the French fleet then in the West Indies, a ship was dispatched to meet with French Rear Admiral François Joseph Paul, comte de Grasse who was expected at Cap-Français ( now known as Cap-Haïtien, Haiti ), outlining the possibilities and requesting his assistance.

Since large drivers require undesirably large cabinets, most subwoofer drivers have large excursions.

Since 3D models are the typical primary output for CAD design, users in these industries require an efficient and accurate method of generating 2D computational drawings directly from the 3D models.

Since lobbying rules require extensive disclosure, there is a wealth of data in the public sphere about which entities lobby, how, at whom, and for how much.

Since September 1, 2007, all new cars sold in the U. S. require a lap and shoulder belt in the center rear seat.

Since the core S / 360 instruction set remained geared to a 24-bit universe, this third step would require a real break from the status quo ; existing assembly language applications would of course not benefit, and new compilers would be needed before non-assembler applications could be migrated.

Since they are already all the same, this does not require any change.