Skepticism or scepticism ( see spelling differences ) is generally any questioning attitude towards knowledge, facts, or opinions / beliefs stated as facts, or doubt regarding claims that are taken for granted elsewhere.

Skepticism might be applied when extinct species are included in trees that are wholly or partly based on DNA sequence data, due to the fact that little useful " ancient DNA " is preserved for longer than 100, 000 years, and except in the most unusual circumstances no DNA sequences long enough for use in phylogenetic analyses have yet been recovered from material over 1 million years old.

All versions of Epistemological Moral Skepticism hold that we are unjustified in believing any moral proposition.

* Skepticism about RCT results may not always be extended to conditions or diseases not central to the study.

* Skepticism: Scientific facts must not be based solely on faith.

Skepticism is part of the scientific method ; for instance an experimental result is not regarded as established until it can be shown to be repeatable independently.

* Skepticism: There cannot be any justified beliefs.

Among the very diverse movements of Hellenistic philosophy in which theological reflection could be found were Skepticism, Cynicism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, Middle Platonism, and Neoplatonism.

** farmakon. com used to be the official website address of Skepticism between early 2003 and late 2005

Skepticism proposes that Truth is unknowable, which can be challenged by responding with the peritrope — the question, Well, then, how do you know that to be true?

Skepticism is related to the question of whether a certain knowledge is possible.

* DeRose, Keith ( 1999 ) " Responding to Skepticism ", Skepticism: A Contemporary Reader.

Skepticism evolved epistemology out of metaphysics.

* Hicks, Stephen R. C. ( 2004 ) Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault ( ISBN 1-59247-646-5 )

* Le Morvan, P., " Healthy Skepticism and Practical Wisdom ," Logos & Episteme II, 1 ( 2011 ): 87-102.

* " In the Name of Skepticism: Martin Gardner's Misrepresentations of General Semantics ", by Bruce I. Kodish, appeared in General Semantics Bulletin, Number 71, 2004.

Skepticism is in this view valuable since it encourages continued investigation.

Skepticism is an important aspect of Tibetan Buddhism, an attitude of critical skepticism is encouraged to promote abilities in analytic meditation.

The Radical Rhetoric of the English Deists: The Discourse of Skepticism, 1680 – 1750.

The school's popularity grew and it became, along with Stoicism and Skepticism, one of the three dominant schools of Hellenistic Philosophy, lasting strongly through the later Roman Empire.

* Hicks, Stephen R. C. Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault ( Scholargy Publishing, 2004 ).

* Koller, John M. Skepticism in Early Indian Thought, Philosophy East and West ( 1977 ).

Extraordinary Knowing: Science, Skepticism, and the Inexplicable Powers of the Human Mind.

* Level 4: Skepticism and adoption of scientific method.

Skepticism exists about the truthfulness of the story, suggesting that the ship may have never actually existed, but has become something of a legend.

The legacy of Pyrrhonism is described in Richard Popkin's The History of Skepticism from Erasmus to Descartes and High Road to Pyrrhonism.

* Sextus Empiricus, Selections from the Major Writings on Skepticism Man and God.

Stephen Jay Gould shared similar views regarding a heuristic role for dialectical materialism.

The sacramentarians, headed by Œcolampadius of Basel, were, as Erasmus says, quoting him as holding views similar to their own in order to try to claim him for their schismatic and " erroneous " movement.

This dual rôle allowed the Committee, to which Clarke and MacDermott added themselves shortly afterward, to promote their own policies and personnel independently of both the Volunteer Executive and the IRB Executive — in particular Volunteer Chief of Staff Eoin MacNeill, who supported a rising only on condition of an increase in popular support following unpopular moves by the London government, such as the introduction of conscription or an attempt to suppress the Volunteers or its leaders, and IRB President Denis McCullough, who held similar views.

In his Homilies Concerning the Statutes St. John Chrysostom ( 344 – 408 ) explicitly espoused the idea, based on his reading of Scripture, that the Earth floated on the waters gathered below the firmament, and St. Athanasius ( c. 293 – 373 ) expressed similar views in Against the Heathen.

Colin Chapman probably had similar views as he asked a high price for his contribution and insisted that the car ( which became the Lotus Europa ) should be named a Lotus-Ford, an attitude that can be viewed as polite refusal.

It generally resonates better with existing Muslim views than with Christianity: it foretells the coming of Muhammad by name ; rather than describing the crucifixion of Jesus, it describes him being raised up into heaven, similar to the description of Elijah in 2 Kings, Chapter 2 ; and it calls Jesus a " prophet " whose mission was restricted to the " house of Israel ".

Furthermore, Luke-Acts has views on Jesus ' divine nature, the end times, and salvation that are similar to the those found in Pastoral epistles, which are often seen as pseudonymous and of a later date than the undisputed Pauline Epistles.

Early in 1994 Major vetoed the Belgian politician Jean-Luc Dehaene as President of the European Commission ( in succession to Jacques Delors ) for being excessively federalist, only to find that he had to accept a Luxembourg politician of similar views, Jacques Santer, instead.

This can be taken as a statement that is similar to the views of modern natural law theorists.

" James Hansen, Noam Chomsky, Raj Patel, Naomi Klein, The Yes Men, and Dennis Kucinich have had similar views.

The University of Oxford also protected Wycliffe and similar academics on the grounds of academic freedom and, initially, allowed such persons to retain their positions despite their controversial views.

R. Springer, author of The National Problem ( 1909 ), also cited by Stalin in his discussion of this matter, held similar views.

The defining characteristic of observation is that it involves drawing conclusions, as well as building personal views about how to handle similar situations in the future, rather than simply registering that something has happened.

We may see similar height, weight, eye color, hair, nose, mouth, patterns of speech, social or political views, mannerisms, body structure, last names, etc.

Islam traditionally has strong views of predestination similar to some found in Christianity.

It was also found that foreign born students were less likely to approve of racial profiling to prevent terrorism than non-foreign born students while both groups shared similar views on racial profiling in the context of crime.

The first German celebration on a fairly large scale was held in 1805 ( the 1150th anniversary of his death ), followed by a similar celebration in a number of towns in 1855 ; both of these were predominantly Catholic affairs, which emphasized the role of Boniface in German history as opposed to Protestant views on the role of Martin Luther, and especially the 1855 celebrations were an expression of German Catholic nationalism.

An alternate view takes qe-ra-si-ja and qe-ra-si-jo as proof of androgyny, and applies this name by similar arguments to the legendary seer, Tiresias, but these views are not mutually exclusive of one another.

It is commonly known now only in " Eastern " metaphysical views where the primary concept of substance is Qi, or something similar, which persists through and beyond any given Form.

Law professor Charles Lund Black took a similar position, though Stimson and Black respectively acknowledged that their views differed from the modern view, and differed from the prevalent view in academic writing.

" The show's creator Matt Groening has called Smith very similar to Lisa: " Yeardley has strong moral views about her character.

The operator approaches these in a similar fashion to the 2D systems, although many 3D systems allow using the wireframe model to make the final engineering drawing views.

Although it came to be labelled a heresy, the movement held similar views about the basic tenets of Christian doctrine to those of the wider Christian Church.

Almost 100 years after Governor Parke had expressed his views, one of his successors would speak in similar terms.

By the 20th century, views similar to Berkeley's were called phenomenalism.