Solar-thermal monoprop hydrogen thrusters are also integral to the design of the next-generation cryogenic upper stage rocket proposed by U. S. company United Launch Alliance ( ULA ).

The ACES Integrated Vehicle Fluids option eliminates all hydrazine and helium from the space vehicle — normally used for attitude control and station keeping — and depends instead on solar-thermal monoprop thrusters using waste hydrogen.

The ACES Integrated Vehicle Fluids option eliminates all hydrazine monopropellant and all helium pressurant from the space vehicle — normally used for attitude control and station keeping — and depends instead on solar-thermal monoprop thrusters using waste hydrogen.

A monopropellant rocket ( or " monoprop rocket ") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its propellant.

Crystals of LaB < sub > 6 </ sub > are used in high brightness, extended life, thermionic electron emission sources for electron microscopes and Hall effect thrusters.

Hall thrusters are sometimes referred to as Hall effect thrusters or Hall current thrusters.

Hall thrusters are often regarded as a moderate specific impulse ( 1, 600 s ) space propulsion technology.

Hall thrusters are able to accelerate their exhaust to speeds between 10 – 80 km / s ( 1, 000 – 8, 000 s specific impulse ), with most models operating between 15 – 30 km / s ( 1, 500 – 3, 000 s specific impulse ).

Hall thrusters are largely axially symmetric.

Although conventional ( annular ) Hall thrusters are efficient in the kilowatt power regime, they become inefficient when scaled to small sizes.

Hall thrusters are now routinely flown on commercial GEO communications satellite where they are used for orbit insertion and stationkeeping.

Ion thrusters are categorized by how they accelerate the ions, using either electrostatic or electromagnetic force.

Given the practical weight of suitable power sources, the accelerations given by ion thrusters are frequently less than one thousandth of standard gravity.

Ion thrusters are therefore able to achieve extremely high specific impulses.

This low thrust makes ion thrusters unsuited for launching spacecraft into orbit, but they are ideal for in-space propulsion applications.

The thrusters are categorized as either electrostatic or electromagnetic.

* Electrostatic ion thrusters use the Coulomb force and are categorized as accelerating the ions in the direction of the electric field.

Power supplies for ion thrusters are usually solar panels, but at sufficiently large distances from the Sun, nuclear power is used.

There are two main types of MPD thrusters, applied-field and self-field.

Pulsed plasma thrusters are a method of spacecraft propulsion also known as Plasma Jet Engines in general.

Some examples of thrusters that might be suitable for this are VASIMR, DS4G and Pulsed inductive thruster.

Many spacecraft propulsion methods such as ion thrusters require an input of electric power to run but are highly efficient.

In practice the satellite drifts out of this orbit because of perturbations such as the solar wind, radiation pressure, variations in the Earth's gravitational field, and the gravitational effect of the Moon and Sun, and thrusters are used to maintain the orbit in a process known as station-keeping.

Pulsed inductive thrusters ( or PITs ) are a form of ion thruster, used in spacecraft propulsion.

Due to its very low thrust ( in the micronewton to millinewton range ), FEEP thrusters are primarily used for microradian, micronewton attitude control on spacecraft, such as in the ESA / NASA LISA Pathfinder scientific spacecraft.

The thrusters successfully demonstrated the ability to perform roll control on the spacecraft and also demonstrated that the electromagnetic interference from the pulsed plasma did not affect other spacecraft systems.

( On the 500 series, the interstage needed to flare out to match the larger diameter of the lower stages of the Saturn V .) The 200 series also had three solid rockets for separating the S-IVB stage from the S-IB stage during launch, rather than the two on the 500 series, and lacked the linear APS thrusters that the 500 series required for ullage operations prior to restarting the J2 engine.

There also was no impact to the mission when one of the three thrusters on Atlantis aft right-hand Orbital Maneuvering System ( OMS ) pod failed during ascent.

The backpack also has a few additional maneuvering thrusters and carries five times the amount of fuel of a standard Zaku II.

While this is also true for Star Fox, there are thrusters and retro-rockets on the Arwing that allow the player to temporarily speed up and slow down.

The Ball mobile pod also had vernier thrusters mounted all along the body, which used solid-fuel explosives rather than more conventional liquid propellants.

Later, the VF-19F model was released by Shinsei which replaced the forward canard wings with an extra bank of maneuvering thrusters for better performance in space, and also redesigned the entire wing structure of the craft, replacing the long variable-forward-sweep wing with a shorter fixed-sweep one, for better space maneuverability ( by keeping the ship's mass closer to center, a higher roll rate can be achieved ).

This design would presumably also use conventional thrusters, as the dim sunlight in the outer solar system would probably be insufficient to power an ion propulsion system.

It also includes thrusters or engines.

: see also the main article on Colloid thrusters

Jet thrusters in the boots also allow the wearer to jump hundreds of feet in a single leap, or to break a high fall.

Along her back is a long dorsal fin, and on sides of her body, behind the head, are a pair of organic thrusters that enhance her jumping ability and is also the first female kaiju in the gamera series.

The maneuvering system comprised 16 nitrogen-fueled thrusters with three hydrazine-fueled thrusters and a reaction control system including six nitrogen-fueled thrusters from the Pegasus fourth stage, which forms an integral part of the craft.

The design was later refined by allowing the water to flow through thrusters as described in a later patent by James Meng.

This means that the design, while highly efficient, can produce thrust levels of perhaps 1. 3 to 1. 5 N, making them useful only for thrusters.

A large part of this compensation can be done by using a frozen orbit design but for the fine control manoeuvres with thrusters are needed.

Further study in electrohydrodynamics, however, show that different classes and construction methods of EHD thrusters and hybrid technology ( mixture with lighter than air techniques ), can achieve much higher payload or thrust-to-power ratios than those achieved with the simple lifter design.

An electrostatic ion thruster is a design for ion thrusters ( a highly-efficient low-thrust spacecraft propulsion running on electrical power ).

Based on this proposal, the spacecraft design may be similar to Galileo, Cassini – Huygens, Voyager, and New Horizons, with conventional thrusters for propulsion.

The company services the merchant, offshore, cruise & ferry, naval, and special vessel markets globally, and the offering includes ship design, main and auxiliary engines, auxiliary power systems, electrical and automation packages, propulsors ( such as water jets, thrusters, propellers and nozzles ), seals, bearings, gears, rudders, scrubbers, boilers and all related services, such as repair, configuration, upgrading, training, maintenance and environmental services.

In order to use the larger thrusters, a more powerful, thus, larger and massive generator must be built, but becomes deadweight when not in use, adding a further dilemma to the design.