CiU strongly defends the notion of Catalonia as a nation within Spain, and strives for the highest possible level of autonomy for Catalonia.

* Euroleague – Maccabi Tel Aviv successfully defends the Euroleague title, defeating TAU Cerámica of Spain 90 – 78 in the final.

During most of the colonial period, Costa Rica was the southernmost province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which was nominally part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( i. e., Mexico ), but which in practice operated as a largely autonomous entity within the Spanish Empire.

The gateway to the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean, where the southernmost tip of Spain and the northernmost of Morocco face each other, is, classically speaking, referred to as the Pillars of Hercules / Heracles, owing to the story that he set up two massive spires of stone to stabilise the area and ensure the safety of ships sailing between the two landmasses.

* The Rock or Gibraltar, British overseas territory near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula ( Spain )

Spain also shares land boundaries with France and Andorra along the Pyrenees in the northeast, with Portugal on the west, and with the small British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar near the southernmost tip.

Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia, the southernmost part of continental Western Europe.

Tarifa is a small town in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, on the southernmost coast of Spain.

In the Northern Hemisphere, it can be grown as far north as southwest England, and grows well in the south of Spain and the southernmost parts of the USA, and will bear flowers and fruit.

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula and overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar, sharing a border with Spain to the north.

Montsià () is the southernmost comarca ( county ) of Catalonia in Spain.

It is a resident breeder across much of Africa and in southernmost Spain on freshwater lakes and ponds.

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory, near the southernmost tip of the Iberian peninsula, which is the subject of a disputed irredentist claim by Spain.

In the report of the Administrator of Royal Properties Andres Mirandaola dated 8 September 1573 sent to King Philip of Spain that “ much gold found in the island of Mindanao, District of Butuan, Surigao …” It is believed that this kind of gold found in the rolling hills and mountains of the southernmost portion of Bislig and Agusan Province.

Ceceo is found in some dialects of Spain, in the southernmost part of Andalusia.

The name of the ensemble comes from an imaginary radio station in Tarifa, a small town in the southernmost Spanish province of Cadiz, Andalusia, the nearest part of Spain to Morocco.

In 1986, Spain joined the European Economic Community ( EEC, now European Union ), and the country hosted the 1992 Barcelona Olympics and Seville Expo ' 92.

* Economic history of Spain

It is currently composed by a president, nominated by the Council of MInisters, several ex officio councilors — former prime ministers of Spain, directors or presidents of the Royal Spanish Academy, the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation, the Royal Academy of History, the Social and Economic Council, the Attorney General of the State, the Chief of Staff, the governor of the Bank of Spain, the Director of the Juridical Service of the State, and the presidents of the General Commission of Codification and Law — several permanent councilors, appointed by decree, and no more than ten elected councilors in addition to the Council's Secretary General.

* OECD's Spain country Web site and OECD Economic Survey of Spain

* Alternatives to Fiscal Austerity in Spain from the Center for Economic and Policy Research, July 2010

* Earl J. Hamilton, American Treasure and the Price Revolution in Spain, 1501-1650 Harvard Economic Studies, 43 ( Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1934 ).

* Delicate Diplomacy on a Restless Frontier: Seventeenth-Century Sobaipuri Social And Economic Relations in Northwestern New Spain, Part I, by Deni J. Seymour, 2007b, in New Mexico Historical Review, 82 ( 4 ).

* Delicate Diplomacy on a Restless Frontier: Seventeenth-Century Sobaipuri Social And Economic Relations in Northwestern New Spain, Part II, Deni J. Seymour, 2008, in New Mexico Historical Review, 83 ( 2 ).

Recently, in the 9th International Conference " Developments in Economic Theory and Policy " held in Bilbao, by the Department of Applied Economics V of the University of the Basque Country ( Spain ) and the Cambridge Centre for Economic and Public Policy, Department of Land Economy of the University of Cambridge ( United Kingdom ), the concept of Stockholm Syndrome was introduced in economics referring to governments that have been " kidnapped " by financial capital because of their need to refinance public debt.

:* Delicate Diplomacy on a Restless Frontier: Seventeenth-Century Sobaípuri Social And Economic Relations in Northwestern New Spain, Part I.

:* Delicate Diplomacy on a Restless Frontier: Seventeenth-Century Sobaípuri Social And Economic Relations in Northwestern New Spain, Part II.

During this second term, Spain joined the European Economic Community ( EEC ) in 1986.

Category: Economic history of Spain

In the 1960s and 1970s, Pegaso kept pace with the impressive economic development of Spain ( the so-called " Spanish miracle "), and tens of thousands of Pegaso trucks and busses ran on Spanish roads and through Spanish cities and, more important, crossed borders in TIR sealed-container traffic to link the Spanish economy with the European Economic Community.

Economic relations between Nazi Germany and Franco's Spain, 1936-1945.

Organizations and institutions are often named by metonymy: " Wall Street " for " the financial industry ", " Whitehall " for the UK government administration, " Madrid " for " the government of Spain ", the " Davos " for " World Economic Forum ", and so on.

From there he travelled to Spain on the proclamation of the Republic in 1931, before returning to Argentina in secrecy to continue his militant activities and writing, including The Bankruptcy of the Capitalist Economic and Political System ( 1932 ), The Ideology of FORA and Trajectory of the Revolutionary Labour Movement in Argentina ( 1933 ) and Social Reconstruction: Foundations for a New Economic Structure in Argentina ( 1933 ).

Anarchist economic theory seems to have been foremost in his mind at this time, as shown by the appearance of The Economic Organism of the Revolution ( 1936 ), published in the name of the anarchist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo ( CNT ); this was later to be reissued under the title After the Revolution: Economic Reconstruction in Spain Today ( 1937 ).

In 1912, Spain negotiated with France ( who controlled the affairs of Morocco at the time ) for concessions on the southern edge of Morocco, and on July 29, 1916, Francisco Bens officially occupied for Spain the Cape Juby region, that became the South Zone of the Spanish protectorate of Morocco, separated from the main North Zone by the French protectorate of Morocco.

Spain quickly assembled elite units of the Army of Africa which had been operating south of Tetuan in the Western Zone and had not accompanied Silvestre's forces in the advance to Annual.

It is virtually a compulsory text in Bolivia, Spain and in the signatory countries of the Andean Zone.

Other such breast mountains are Mount Elgon on the Uganda-Kenya border, Beinn Chìochan and the Maiden Paps in Scotland, the " Bundok ng Susong Dalaga " ( Maiden's breast mountains ) in Talim Island, Philippines, the twin hills known as the Paps of Anu ( Dá Chích Anann or the breasts of Anu ), near Killarney in Ireland, the 2, 086 m high Tetica de Bacares or " La Tetica " in the Sierra de Los Filabres, Spain, and Khao Nom Sao in Thailand, Cerro Las Tetas in Puerto Rico and the Breasts of Aphrodite in Mykonos, among many others.

Bayonne's location close to the border, but also within the Basque Country straddling both France and Spain, gave it an often privileged position in commerce.

Shortly before 1951, Lewis Fry Richardson, in researching the possible effect of border lengths on the probability of war, noticed that the Portuguese reported their measured border with Spain to be 987 km, but the Spanish reported it as 1214 km.

Spain currently does not recognize the fence as the valid border, since it claims the fence was built on Spanish soil.

Even though Spain, the United Kingdom and Gibraltar are all part of the European Union, the border fence is still relevant today since Gibraltar is outside the customs union.

Immigration from Spain and intermarriage with Spaniards from the surrounding Spanish towns was a constant feature of Gibraltar's history until the then Spanish dictator, General Francisco Franco, closed the border with Gibraltar in 1969, cutting off many Gibraltarians from their relatives on the Spanish side of the frontier.

When the border between Spain and Gibraltar was eventually closed by the Spanish dictator in 1969, the newspaper changed its ownership and begun to be published in English.

Unlike the United Kingdom, traffic in Gibraltar drives on the right, as it shares a land border with Spain.

During the 1960s, Spain began imposing restrictions on Gibraltar, culminating in the closure of the border in 1969.

As Secretary of State, he negotiated with the United Kingdom over America's northern border with Canada, negotiated with Spain the annexation of Florida, and authored the Monroe Doctrine.

Adams used the events that had unfolded in Florida to negotiate the Florida Treaty with Spain in 1819 that turned Florida over to the U. S. and resolved border issues regarding the Louisiana Purchase.

The eastern boundary below the 31st parallel was unclear ; the U. S. claimed the land as far as the Perdido River, and Spain claimed the border of its Florida Colony remained the Mississippi river.

The contents of these Islamic libraries were copied by Christian monks in Muslim / Christian border areas, particularly Spain and Sicily.

Category: Morocco – Spain border crossings

The Pyrenees (; or,,,,, or ), also spelled Pyrénées, is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain.

The Meseta Central (" Inner Plateau ") is a vast plateau in the heart of peninsular Spain, has elevations that range from 610 to 760 m. Rimmed by mountains, the Meseta Central slopes gently to the west and to the series of rivers that form some of the border with Portugal.

The Pyrenees, extending from the eastern edge of the Cordillera Cantábrica to the Mediterranean Sea, form a solid barrier and a natural border between Spain and both France and Andorra that, throughout history, has effectively isolated the countries from each other.

Olivenza ( Spanish ) or Olivença ( Portuguese ) is a town and seat of a municipality, on a disputed section of the border between Portugal and Spain, which is claimed de jure by both countries and administered de facto as part of the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura.

Category: Gibraltar – Spain border

Category: Morocco – Spain border

The Basque Country (,, ) as a cultural region ( not to be confused with the homonym Autonomous Community of the Basque country ) is a European region in the western Pyrenees that spans the border between France and Spain, on the Atlantic coast.

* April 10 – Spain and the United Kingdom agree to reopen the border between Gibraltar and Spain, closed since 1969.

** Spain closes its Gibraltar border to non-pedestrian traffic.