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Specific weaknesses in the text include: it does not stipulate guidelines for the ' non-detriment ' finding required of national Scientific Authorities ; non-detriment findings require copious amounts of information ; the ' household effects ' clause is often not rigid enough / specific enough to prevent CITES violations by means of this Article ( VII ); non-reporting from Parties means Secretariat monitoring is incomplete ; and it has no capacity to address domestic trade in listed species.

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Specific interests included aircraft, a hobby he maintains today ; and trains, generated by viewing passing trains on the railway outside his terraced home during his childhood.

Specific examples of services which warrant the Purple Heart include any action against an enemy of the United States ; any action with an opposing armed force of a foreign country in which the Armed Forces of the United States are or have been engaged ; while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party ; as a result of an act of any such enemy of opposing armed forces ; or as the result of an act of any hostile foreign force.

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Specific coefficients arise in mathematical identities, such as the binomial theorem which involves binomial coefficients ; these particular coefficients are tabulated in Pascal's triangle.

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Specific settings include isolated forts, ranches and homesteads ; the Native American village ; or the small frontier town with its saloon, general store, livery stable and jailhouse.

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In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case ; at least one intermediate appellate court ; and a supreme court ( or court of last resort ) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts.

Assault in some US jurisdictions is defined more broadly still as any intentional physical contact with another person without their consent ; but in the majority of the United States, and in England and Wales and all other common law jurisdictions in the world, this is defined instead as battery.

Such judges decide, often when called upon by counsel rather than of their own motion, what evidence is to be admitted when there is a dispute ; though in some common law jurisdictions judges play more of a role in deciding what evidence to admit into the record or reject.

In an adversarial system, there is no more controversy and the case proceeds to sentencing ; though in many jurisdictions the defendant must have allocution of her or his crime, a false confession will not be accepted even in common law courts.

For the second exam, called the Principles and Practices, Part 2, or the Professional Engineering exam, candidates may select a particular engineering discipline's content to be tested on ; there is currently not an option for BME with this, meaning that any biomedical engineers seeking a license must prepare to take this examination in another category ( which does not affect the actual license, since most jurisdictions do not recognize discipline specialties anyway ).

Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, India, Belize, and various Caribbean and African nations have adopted English common law through reception statutes although they do not inevitably continue to copy English Common Law ; later cases can often draw on decisions in other Common Law jurisdictions.

Some countries like the United Kingdom have no entrenched document setting out fundamental rights ; in those jurisdictions the constitution is composed of statute, case law and convention.

There are many professional bodies for accountants and auditors throughout the world ; some of them are legally recognized in their jurisdictions.

* French group, under which they also included the countries that codified their law either in 19th or in the first half of the 20th century, using the Napoleonic code civil of year 1804 as a model ; this includes countries and jurisdictions such as Italy, Portugal, Spain, Louisiana, states of South America ( such as Brazil ), Quebec, Santa Lucia, Romania, the Ionian Islands, Egypt, and Lebanon

The electorate does not generally include the entire population ; for example, many countries prohibit those judged mentally incompetent from voting, and all jurisdictions require a minimum age for voting.

* In some states, the simple possession ( possession without intent to distribute, e. g., for personal use ) of certain types of illegal drugs, usually in more than a certain quantity but regardless of quantity for some drugs in some jurisdictions ( such as Virginia for cocaine and heroin ) regardless of quantity ;

Some jurisdictions classify as violent certain property crimes involving a strong likelihood of psychological trauma to the property owner ; for example, Virginia treats both common-law burglary ( the breaking and entering of a dwelling house at night with the intent to commit larceny, assault and battery, or any felony therein ) and statutory burglary ( breaking and entering with further criminal intent but without the dwelling-house or time elements, such that the definition applies to break-ins at any time and of businesses as well as of dwelling houses ) as felonies.

Long guns typically have a barrel between 10 and 30 inches ( there are restrictions on minimum barrel length in many jurisdictions ; maximum barrel length is usually a matter of practicality ), that along with the receiver and trigger group is mounted into a wood, plastic, metal or composite stock, composed of one or more pieces that form a foregrip, rear grip, and optionally ( but typically ) a shoulder mount called the butt.

Orthodox seminarians are typically tonsured as readers before entering seminary, and may later be made subdeacons or deacons ; customs vary between seminaries and between Orthodox jurisdictions.

In jurisdictions that maintain the concept of felonies, the most serious criminal offence is a felony ; jurisdictions that lack the concept of felonies often use that of an indictable offence — an offence that requires an indictment.

This duty may be imputed ; for example, in many jurisdictions, in cases of where a corporate insider " tips " a friend about non-public information likely to have an effect on the company's share price, the duty the corporate insider owes the company is now imputed to the friend and the friend violates a duty to the company if he or she trades on the basis of this information.

More than one standard can be applied to any case based on multiple jurisdictions and numerous other factors in relation to complex state and federal law ; dependant on which jurisdiction and country one is in.

The word derives from traditional inherited divisions of the countryside, reassigned as local jurisdictions known as manors or seigneuries ; each manor being subject to a lord ( French seigneur ), usually holding his position in return for undertakings offered to a higher lord ( see Feudalism ).

According to professor A. V. Dicey in An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, the essential features of a federal constitution are: a ) A written supreme constitution in order to prevent disputes between the jurisdictions of the Federal and State authorities ; b ) A distribution of power between the Federal and State governments and c ) A Supreme Court vested with the power to interpret the Constitution and enforce the law of the land remaining independent of both the executive and legislative branches.

At such a hearing, the defendant may be assisted by counsel ; in U. S. jurisdictions, there is a right to counsel at the preliminary hearing.

Should the court decide that there is probable cause, a formal charging instrument ( called the information in some jurisdictions ) will issue ; and the prosecution will continue.

Specific rules regarding battery vary among different jurisdictions, but some elements remain constant across jurisdictions.

Specific titles may vary across countries, jurisdictions and employment settings.

Specific requirements vary between jurisdictions and may depend on the nature of the company's activity.

* Specific to US law ; in a minority of jurisdictions ( Florida, Colorado, and Wisconsin ) extrinsic evidence is barred from being used to interpret a contract