Spectroscopic observations thus showed that nebulae were made of extremely rarefied gas.

Spectroscopic observations show that all planetary nebulae are expanding.

Spectroscopic observations thus showed that planetary nebulae consisted largely of extremely rarefied ionised oxygen gas ( OIII ).

Spectroscopic image resolution levels of 200 nm or below has been achieved on latest imaging XPS instruments using synchrotron radiation as X-ray source.

Spectroscopic analysis of HD 209458 b, an extrasolar planet in this constellation has provided the first evidence of atmospheric water vapor beyond the solar system, while extrasolar planets orbiting the star HR 8799 also in Pegasus are the first to be directly imaged.

As part of the company's growing homeland security business and strategic focus, Raytheon has teamed with other contractors to develop an Advance Spectroscopic Portal ( ASP ) to allow border officials to view and identify radioactive materials in vehicles and shipping containers more effectively.

Slater describes the dedication of the Laboratory, the hosting of meetings of the International Astronomical Union, the American Physical Society, and a Spectroscopic conference, and ends: " In general the year has been one of settling down to work under satisfactory conditions, after the more difficult transition of the preceding year.

Spectroscopic examination of this star shows that it has a higher abundance of elements heavier than helium ( or metallicity, as astronomers call it ) than does the Sun.

The galaxy has been studied with most of NASA's telescopes, including the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE ).

Spectroscopic analysis has shown that some of these asteroids are now located in the 9 / 4 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter.

CGRO recorded only about 77 events in 10 years ; however, more recently the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager ( RHESSI ) spacecraft, as reported by David Smith of UC Santa Cruz, has been observing TGFs at a much higher rate, indicating that these occur about 50 times per day globally ( still a very small fraction of the total lightning on the planet ).

Spectroscopic analysis had shown that the planet had a mass about 0. 69 times that of Jupiter .< ref name =" mass ">

Spectroscopic studies have shown that the family members span a noticeable range of compositions, although all remain within the S spectral class.

Spectroscopic studies have shown, however, evidence of hydrated minerals and silicates, which indicate rather a stony surface composition.

Spectroscopic observations with ground-based telescopes have shown that I Zwicky 18 is almost exclusively composed of hydrogen and helium, the main ingredients created in the Big Bang.

Spectroscopic observations of HH objects show they are moving away from the source stars at speeds of 100 to 1000 km / s.

Among the Laboratory's current major active projects are the Mars Science Laboratory mission ( which includes the Curiosity rover ), the Cassini – Huygens mission orbiting Saturn, the Mars Exploration Rovers ( Spirit and Opportunity ), the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Dawn mission to the dwarf planet Ceres and asteroid Vesta, the Juno spacecraft en route to Jupiter, the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory ( GRAIL ) mission to the Moon, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array ( NuSTAR ) X-ray telescope, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.

Spectroscopic studies are designed so that the radiant energy interacts with specific types of matter.

Spectroscopic indicators are the D < sub > 2 </ sub > O-exchangeable SH signal in the < sup > 1 </ sup > H NMR spectrum (< sup > 33 </ sup > S is NMR active but signals for divalent sulfur are very broad and of little utility ).

Other uses of the term parallax in astronomy, with different meanings are the Photometric parallax method, Spectroscopic parallax, and Dynamical parallax.

Spectroscopic observations of their doppler shifts indicate velocities of several hundred kilometres per second, but the emission lines in the spectra of HH objects are too weak to have been formed in such high speed collisions.

Spectroscopic studies revealed absorption lines in the Jovian spectrum due to diatomic sulfur ( S < sub > 2 </ sub >) and carbon disulfide ( CS < sub > 2 </ sub >), the first detection of either in Jupiter, and only the second detection of S < sub > 2 </ sub > in any astronomical object.

Spectroscopic observers found that ammonia and carbon disulfide persisted in the atmosphere for at least fourteen months after the collisions, with a considerable amount of ammonia being present in the stratosphere as opposed to its normal location in the troposphere.

Spectroscopic analysis of Mars ' atmosphere began in earnest in 1894, when U. S. astronomer William Wallace Campbell showed that neither water nor oxygen were present in the Martian atmosphere.

Spectroscopic examination of the energy states in the outflow of matter from the companion star suggest that it is about 224 AU behind the primary, giving a combined separation of about 574 AU.

Spectroscopic measurements of the strength and width of these lines allow the composition and physical properties of a substance to be determined.

Spectroscopic measurements revealed common radial velocities, thus showing that the clusters consist of stars bound together as a group.

Spectroscopic data is often represented by a spectrum, a plot of the response of interest as a function of wavelength or frequency.

Spectroscopic studies were central to the development of quantum mechanics and included Max Planck's explanation of blackbody radiation, Albert Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect and Niels Bohr's explanation of atomic structure and spectra.

* According to estimates released in October 2007, the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE ) space telescope, decommissioned that month, will continue orbiting the earth until it burns up in the atmosphere approximately 30 years after its decommissioning.

Spectroscopic analysis is commonly carried out in solutions but solids and gases may also be studied.

The science operations activities directly serve the astronomy community, primarily in the form of HST ( and eventually JWST ) observations and grants, but also include distributing data from other NASA missions ( e. g., Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, Galaxy Evolution Explorer ) and ground-based sky surveys.

( 2005 ) `` Vegetation's Red Edge: A Possible Spectroscopic Biosignature of Extraterrestrial Plants Astrobiology, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 372 – 390.

Active site coordination chemistry of the cytochrome c peroxidase Asp235Ala variant: Spectroscopic and functional characterization.

* Kodak Spectroscopic Plate Type 649-F is specified with a resolving power of 2000 lines / mm.

Small telescopes dominate astronomical research in the fields of asteroid and comet discovery and observation, variable star photometry, and supernova and nova discovery, and colorimetry and Polarimetry of the solar system's planets.

Also used to back up his claims was the observation of a nova in the Andromeda galaxy that had temporarily outshone the nucleus of the galaxy itself, a seemingly absurd amount of energy for a normal nova.

Dobson optimized the design for visual observation of faint objects such as star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies ( what Amateur Astronomers call deep sky objects ).

His own testimony is that he has read very little in the history of the South, implying that what he knows of that history has come to him orally and that he knows the world around him primarily from his own unassisted observation.

A high-speed shutter has been developed in order to permit photographic observation of any portion of the electrical wire explosion.

Long observation has taught Mason that most landscape can be reduced to three essential planes: a foreground in sharp focus -- either a light area with dark accents or a dark one with lights ; ;

Knowledge that thousands of school districts are involved and observation that school desegregation has occurred in only a handful in 1959-1960 leads to a conclusion that desegregation-from-court-order is slow.

First of all, and this has been calculated by observation, the universe is expanding -- that is, the galaxies are receding from each other at immense speeds.

The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny quantities has been around for millennia, but these ideas were founded in abstract, philosophical reasoning rather than experimentation and empirical observation.

This has cooled it down to approximately 1 K, as deduced by astronomical observation, which is the lowest natural temperature ever recorded.

* The equipment available to observation teams has progressed from just prismatic compass, hand-held or tripod mounted binoculars and sometimes optical range-finders.

It is the only observation tower which stands on insulators, and has a restaurant and an observation deck above ground, which is reachable by a windowed elevator.

However none of these " alternatives " has the same breadth of explanation as inflation, and still require inflation for a more complete fit with observation ; they should therefore be regarded as adjuncts to inflation, rather than as alternatives.

Classical physics draws a distinction between particles and energy, holding that only the latter exhibit waveform characteristics, whereas quantum mechanics is based on the observation that matter has both wave and particle aspects and postulates that the state of every subatomic particle can be described by a wavefunction — a mathematical expression used to calculate the probability that the particle, if measured, will be in a given location or state of motion.

Likewise, if he / she chooses to observe the interference pattern, then he / she has no influence whatsoever over where in the observation plane he / she will observe a specific particle.

When she arrives, she is unable to give Lee much information as she has been unable to escape Han's strict observation.

A 13 year long observation performed by the University of Maastricht, the Netherlands, on 120, 000 subjects between 55 and 70, has shown that increased intake of acrylamide ( formed when potatoes are baked or fried ) is correlated with a 60 % higher rate of kidney cancer.

The observation that " the pen is mightier than the sword " has sometimes been attributed to him.

The peak radiation of most stars lies here, so the observation of the stars that form galaxies has been a major component of optical astronomy.

A possible middle ground position has been suggested, based on the observation that " hacking " describes a collection of skills which are used by hackers of both descriptions for differing reasons.

I – O research on organizational culture research has employed ethnographic techniques and participant observation to collect data.

NASA has approved a fourth two-year extended mission, through August 2012, to allow for the observation of year-to-year differences in phenomena like polar ice, clouds, and dust storms, as well as a much more sensitive mapping of Martian minerals.

Repeated experiments since the 17th century have demonstrated that inertial and gravitational mass are equivalent ; since 1915, this observation has been entailed a priori in the equivalence principle of general relativity.

The defining characteristic of observation is that it involves drawing conclusions, as well as building personal views about how to handle similar situations in the future, rather than simply registering that something has happened.

Since the dawn of the Space Age, close observation by probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism, hurricanes, tectonics, and even hydrology.